Shloka 19

The Legend of Hemakuṇḍala: Charity, Decline of the Sons, and Yama’s Judgment

Devanagari script

कुमार्गगौ दुरात्मानौ पितृमित्रनिषेधकौ । अधर्मनिरतौ दुष्टौ परदाराभिगामिनौ

Transliteration

kumārgagau durātmānau pitṛmitraniṣedhakau | adharmaniratau duṣṭau paradārābhigāminau

Translation

พวกเขาเดินตามทางอธรรม เป็นคนใจชั่ว ขัดขวางบิดาและมิตรสหาย หมกมุ่นในอธรรม เสื่อมทราม และชอบคบหาหญิงของผู้อื่น

Word by Word

• कुमार्गगौ: having gone to the wrong path; misguided
• कुमार्गगौ: Karta (कर्ता/प्रथमा)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कुमार्ग + ग (प्रातिपदिक); ग = गम् (धातु) से निष्पन्न ‘ग’
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन; कृदन्त-विशेषण: ‘कुमार्गं गतौ’ (ग-प्रत्ययान्त, गतार्थक)

• दुरात्मानौ: evil-souled (two persons)
• दुरात्मानौ: Karta (कर्ता/प्रथमा)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुरात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; विशेषण (दुष्टः आत्मा यस्य)

• पितृमित्रनिषेधकौ: those who reject/deny father and friends
• पितृमित्रनिषेधकौ: Karta (कर्ता/प्रथमा)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पितृ + मित्र + निषेधक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; ‘पितॄन् मित्राणि च निषेधयतः’ इति अर्थे कर्तरि -क (agent noun)

• अधर्मनिरतौ: engaged in unrighteousness
• अधर्मनिरतौ: Karta (कर्ता/प्रथमा)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अधर्म + निरत (प्रातिपदिक; निरत = √रम्/√रि ‘to delight/engage’ से कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; ‘अधर्मे निरतौ’ (past participle used adjectivally)

• दुष्टौ: wicked
• दुष्टौ: Karta (कर्ता/प्रथमा)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुष्ट (प्रातिपदिक; √दुष् से निष्पन्न)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; भूतकृदन्त-विशेषण

• परदाराभिगामिनौ: going after others’ wives
• परदाराभिगामिनौ: Karta (कर्ता/प्रथमा)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर + दार + अभिगामिन् (प्रातिपदिक; अभिगामिन् = √गम् से -इन्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; ‘परदारान् अभिगच्छतः’ (habitual/agentive -in)

Speaker

Unspecified (context not provided for this single verse)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bibhatsa

Secondary Rasa: raudra

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: No external sandhi requiring split; compounds analyzed internally (e.g., पर-दार-अभिगामिन्).

FAQs

What kinds of behavior are condemned in this verse?

It condemns walking the wrong path (kumārga), obstructing one’s father and friends, remaining devoted to adharma, and adultery (paradārābhigamana).

What is the ethical lesson emphasized here?

The verse stresses that moral ruin is marked by persistent unrighteous conduct, betrayal of family and friendship bonds, and sexual misconduct—behaviors to be avoided by a dharmic person.

Does this verse teach a specifically Vaishnava doctrine?

In this isolated verse, the focus is ethical (dharma vs. adharma) rather than a distinct Vaishnava theological point; broader Vaishnava framing would depend on the surrounding chapter context.