Shloka 30

Determination of Expiations: Purification after Forbidden Food, Impurity, and Transgression

Devanagari script

कूष्मांडघाती या नारी पंचगव्यं पिबेत्त्र्यहम् । कूष्मांडपंचकं दद्यात्ससुवर्णं सवस्त्रकम् । तस्या वारि तथा भक्तं ग्राह्यं स्याद्वै तपोधन

Transliteration

kūṣmāṃḍaghātī yā nārī paṃcagavyaṃ pibettryaham | kūṣmāṃḍapaṃcakaṃ dadyātsasuvarṇaṃ savastrakam | tasyā vāri tathā bhaktaṃ grāhyaṃ syādvai tapodhana

Translation

สตรีผู้ทำลายครรภ์พึงดื่มปัญจคัวยะ (ของศักดิ์สิทธิ์ห้าประการจากโค) เป็นเวลาสามวัน แล้วถวายทานฟักทองห้าผล พร้อมทองคำและผ้าครอง จากนั้นเท่านั้น โอ้ผู้มั่งคั่งด้วยตบะ จึงควรรับน้ำและภัตตาหารจากนางได้

Word by Word

• कूष्माण्डघाती: (a woman) who kills a pumpkin/gourd (kūṣmāṇḍa)
• कूष्माण्डघाती: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कूष्माण्ड-घातिन् (प्रातिपदिक; घातिन् = √हन् (धातु) + इन् प्रत्यय)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण (fem. nom. sg.)

• या: who
• या: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)

• नारी: woman
• नारी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नारी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• पञ्चगव्यं: pañcagavya (five cow-products)
• पञ्चगव्यं: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पञ्च-गव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; कर्म (acc. sg.)

• पिबेत्: should drink
• पिबेत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पा (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• त्र्यहम्: for three days
• त्र्यहम्: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: त्रि-अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (कालवाचक), ‘त्र्यहम्’ = त्र्यहं/त्र्यहम् (for three days)

• कूष्माण्डपञ्चकं: a set of five pumpkins/gourds
• कूष्माण्डपञ्चकं: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कूष्माण्ड-पञ्चक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• दद्यात्: should give
• दद्यात्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दा (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• ससुवर्णं: together with gold
• ससुवर्णं: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स-स्वर्ण (प्रातिपदिक; स = सह)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण (with gold)

• सवस्त्रकम्: together with a garment
• सवस्त्रकम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स-वस्त्रक (प्रातिपदिक; स = सह)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण (with cloth/garment)

• तस्याः: of her
• तस्याः: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन

• वारि: water
• वारि: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वारि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• तथा: and likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (समुच्चय/उपमानार्थ)

• भक्तं: food (cooked rice/meal)
• भक्तं: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भक्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• ग्राह्यं: acceptable / to be taken
• ग्राह्यं: Kriya (Predicate complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √ग्रह् (धातु) + यत् (कृत् प्रत्यय) → ग्राह्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (predicative), ‘to be accepted’

• स्यात्: should be
• स्यात्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (निश्चयार्थक/एवकारार्थ)

• तपोधन: O treasure of austerity (ascetic)
• तपोधन: Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपोधन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th), एकवचन; संबोधन (vocative)

Speaker

Unspecified (narrative instruction within Brahma-khaṇḍa; the verse addresses a 'tapodhana'—an ascetic/sage).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: पिबेत्त्र्यहम् → पिबेत् त्र्यहम्; दद्यात्ससुवर्णं → दद्यात् ससुवर्णं; ससुवर्णं/सवस्त्रकम् = स-स्वर्णं/स-वस्त्रकम् (सह-समास/अव्ययीभाव); स्याद्वै → स्यात् वै.

FAQs

What is pañcagavya in this verse?

Pañcagavya refers to a purificatory mixture made from five cow-products (traditionally milk, curd, ghee, urine, and dung) used in certain expiatory rites.

Why does the verse mention giving five kūṣmāṇḍas with gold and clothing?

It prescribes dāna (ritual gifting) as part of prāyaścitta (expiation), pairing a specific offering (five gourds) with valuable supports (gold and cloth) to complete the remedial rite.

What ethical or social principle is emphasized by 'only then may water and food from her be accepted'?

It reflects a dharmaśāstric concern with ritual purity and social reinstatement: after completing expiation, the person is treated as fit for normal social-religious exchange, including the acceptance of food and water.