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Shloka 1

कृप-अर्जुन रथयुद्धम्

Kṛpa–Arjuna Chariot Engagement

हि ० न हुक है आम द्विपञज्चाशत्तमो< ध्याय: पितामह भीष्मकी सम्मति भीष्म उवाच कला: काष्ठाश्च युज्यन्ते मुहूर्ताश्न दिनानि च अर्धमासाक्ष मासाक्ष नक्षत्राणि ग्रहास्तथा,भीष्मजीने कहा--कला, काष्ठा, मुहूर्त, दिन, मास, पक्ष, नक्षत्र, ग्रह, ऋतु और संवत्सर--ये सब एक-दूसरेसे जुड़ते हैं। इस तरह कालके इन छोटे-छोटे विभागोंद्वारा यह सम्पूर्ण कालचक्र चल रहा है

bhīṣma uvāca | kalāḥ kāṣṭhāś ca yujyante muhūrtāś ca dināni ca | ardhāmāsāś ca māsāś ca nakṣatrāṇi grahās tathā ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “กะลาและกาษฐาเรียงร้อยเป็นมุหูรตะ มุหูรตะรวมเป็นวัน วันรวมเป็นกึ่งเดือนและเดือน อีกทั้งยังกำหนดกาลด้วยนักษัตรและการเคลื่อนของดาวเคราะห์ด้วย.”

कलाःparts (of time), minutes/kalās
कलाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकला
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
काष्ठाःkāṣṭhās (time-units)
काष्ठाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाष्ठा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
युज्यन्तेare joined/connected
युज्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootयुज्
FormPresent, Ātmanepada (passive-like sense), Third, Plural
मुहूर्ताःmuhūrtas (time-periods)
मुहूर्ताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुहूर्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दिनानिdays
दिनानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदिन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अर्धमासाःhalf-months (fortnights)
अर्धमासाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्धमास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मासाःmonths
मासाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नक्षत्राणिlunar mansions/asterisms
नक्षत्राणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनक्षत्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
ग्रहाःplanets
ग्रहाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootग्रह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Time is an ordered continuum: minute units combine into larger measures, and the whole cosmic cycle proceeds through this structured linkage. The implied ethical frame is that dharma and human effort operate within a larger, dependable order that cannot be bypassed.

Bhishma is speaking in a reflective, instructive mode, describing how traditional measures of time—from very small units up to months, nakshatras, and planetary motions—fit together, setting a philosophical backdrop for understanding events as part of a larger temporal cycle.