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Shloka 37

Adhyāya 208: Aṅgirasī-kanyāḥ

Enumeration of Aṅgiras’ daughters and attribute-names

पार्थिवानामथधर्मत्वात्‌ प्रजानाम भव: सदा | स एष राजा जनक: प्रजा धर्मेण पश्यति,राजाओंके अधर्मपरायण होनेसे प्रजाकी सदा अवनति होती है। हमारे ये राजा जनक समस्त प्रजाको धर्मपूर्ण दृष्टिसे ही देखते हैं

pārthivānām atha dharmatvāt prajānāṁ bhavaḥ sadā | sa eṣa rājā janakaḥ prajā dharmeṇa paśyati |

เมื่อกษัตริย์ทั้งหลายหันเหจากธรรมะ ความเป็นอยู่ของราษฎรย่อมเสื่อมถอยอยู่เสมอ แต่พระราชาชนกองค์นี้ทรงมองปวงประชาด้วยสายตาแห่งธรรมะ

पार्थिवानाम्of kings
पार्थिवानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अथthen/now
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
अधर्मत्वात्from unrighteousness (being unrighteous)
अधर्मत्वात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्मत्व
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
प्रजानाम्of the subjects/people
प्रजानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
भवःbecoming; condition; state (here: decline/ruin)
भवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एषःthis
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जनकःJanaka
जनकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजनक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजाःthe subjects/people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
धर्मेणby/with dharma; righteously
धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पश्यतिsees; regards
पश्यति:
TypeVerb
Root√पश् (दृश्)
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

व्याध उवाच

V
Vyādha (the hunter, speaker)
K
King Janaka
S
Subjects/people (prajāḥ)
K
Kings/rulers (pārthivāḥ)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s moral orientation directly shapes the fate of society: adharma in kings leads to the people’s decline, while a dharmic king protects and uplifts subjects by judging and governing through righteousness.

The Vyādha is instructing his listener on ethical governance, contrasting the harm caused by unrighteous rulers with the exemplary conduct of King Janaka, who regards and administers his subjects according to dharma.