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Shloka 2

Dharma-vyādha on the Subtlety of Dharma, Karma, and the Continuity of the Jīva (Āraṇyaka-parva 200)

वैशम्पायनजी कहते हैं--जनमेजय! ऋषियों तथा पाण्डवोंने मार्कण्डेयजीसे पूछा --'भगवन्‌! कोई आपसे भी पहलेका उत्पन्न चिरजीवी इस जगतमें है या नहीं? ।। स तानुवाचास्ति खलु राजर्षिरिन्द्रद्मम्मो नाम क्षीणपुण्यस्त्रिदिवात्‌ प्रच्युतः कीर्तिस्ति व्युच्छिन्नेति स मामुपातिष्ठदथ प्रत्यभिजानाति मां भवानिति,मार्कण्डेयजीने कहा--'है क्‍यों नहीं, सुनो। एक समय राजर्षि इन्द्रद्युम्न अपना पुण्य क्षीण हो जानेके कारण यह कहकर स्वर्गलोकसे नीचे गिरा दिये गये थे कि “जगतमें तुम्हारी कीर्ति नष्ट हो गयी है।” स्वर्गसे गिरनेपर वे मेरे पास आये और बोले--'“क्या आप मुझे पहचानते हैं?”

vaiśampāyana uvāca—janamejaya! ṛṣayaś ca pāṇḍavāś ca mārkaṇḍeyam apṛcchan—“bhagavan! ko ’pi tvatto ’pi pūrva-utpannaś cirajīvī ’smin jagati vidyate na vā?” sa tān uvāca—“asti khalu rājārṣir indradyumno nāma; kṣīṇa-puṇyas tridivāt pracyutaḥ. ‘kīrtis te vyucchinnā’ iti. sa mām upātiṣṭhad atha—‘pratyabhijānāti māṃ bhavān?’”

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า “โอ้ชนเมชยะ! เหล่าฤๅษีและบรรดาปาณฑพได้ทูลถามมารกัณฑेयว่า ‘ข้าแต่ภควन् ในโลกนี้มีผู้ใดเป็นจิรัญชีวี ผู้บังเกิดก่อนท่านด้วยหรือไม่?’ ท่านตอบว่า ‘มีแน่แท้ ครั้งหนึ่งมีราชฤๅษีนามว่าอินทรทยุมน์ ครั้นบุญกุศลของเขาร่อยหรอ ก็ถูกให้ตกจากสวรรค์ พร้อมถ้อยประกาศว่า “เกียรติยศของเจ้าบนโลกได้ขาดสูญแล้ว” เมื่อร่วงจากแดนทิพย์ เขามาหาเราและถามว่า “ท่านจำเราได้หรือไม่?”’”

सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अस्तिthere is
अस्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
खलुindeed
खलु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootखलु
राजर्षिःa royal sage
राजर्षिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजर्षि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इन्द्रद्युम्नःIndradyumna (name)
इन्द्रद्युम्नः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रद्युम्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नामby name
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम
क्षीणपुण्यःwhose merit is exhausted
क्षीणपुण्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षीणपुण्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्रिदिवात्from heaven
त्रिदिवात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिदिव
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
प्रच्युतःfallen down
प्रच्युतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रच्युत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle), च्युत्/च्यु (to fall), with प्र-
कीर्तिःfame
कीर्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकीर्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तेof you/your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
व्युच्छिन्नाcut off, destroyed
व्युच्छिन्ना:
TypeAdjective
Rootव्युच्छिन्न
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle), छिद् (to cut), with व्यु-
इतिthus (quoting)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
उपातिष्ठत्approached/attended
उपातिष्ठत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउप-स्था
FormImperfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
प्रत्यभिजानातिrecognizes
प्रत्यभिजानाति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-अभि-ज्ञा
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
भवान्your honor (you)
भवान्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus (quoting)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
J
Janamejaya
Ṛṣis (sages)
P
Pāṇḍavas
M
Mārkaṇḍeya
I
Indradyumna
T
Tridiva (Svarga/heaven)

Educational Q&A

Merit (puṇya) is finite when tied to results; even heavenly status can end when merit is exhausted. Worldly fame (kīrti) is also fragile—its loss can precipitate decline—so dharma should be pursued for its intrinsic rightness rather than for reputation or reward.

The sages and the Pāṇḍavas ask Mārkaṇḍeya whether anyone older and long-lived exists. Mārkaṇḍeya answers by introducing the royal sage Indradyumna, who, after his merit ran out, fell from heaven with the declaration that his fame had vanished, and then approached Mārkaṇḍeya asking if he was recognized.