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Shloka 19

Gaṅgā-Tīrtha Darśana and the Prelude to the Yavakrīta–Indra Exemplum (लोमश-युधिष्ठिर संवादः)

अद्टावक्र उवाच संवत्सरं द्वादशमासमाहु- ज॑गत्या: पादो द्वादशैवाक्षराणि । द्वादशाह: प्राकृतो यज्ञ उक्तो द्वादशादित्यान्‌ कथयन्तीह धीरा:,अष्टावक्र बोले--एक संवत्सरमें बारह महीने बताये गये हैं, जगती छन्‍्दका प्रत्येक पाद बारह अक्षरोंका होता है, प्राकृत यज्ञ बारह दिनोंका माना गया है, ज्ञानी पुरुष यहाँ बारहरें आदित्योंका वर्णन करते हैं

aṣṭāvakra uvāca saṃvatsaraṃ dvādaśa-māsam āhur jagatyāḥ pādo dvādaśaivākṣarāṇi | dvādaśāhaḥ prākṛto yajña ukto dvādaśādityān kathayantīha dhīrāḥ ||

อัษฏาวักระกล่าวว่า “เขากล่าวกันว่าหนึ่งปีมีสิบสองเดือน ในฉันท์ชคตี แต่ละบาทมีสิบสองพยางค์ ยัญที่เรียกว่า ‘ปรากฤตะ’ ว่ากันว่ากินเวลาสิบสองวัน และบัณฑิตผู้สุขุมในที่นี้กล่าวถึงอาทิตยะทั้งสิบสอง”

अष्टावक्रःAṣṭāvakra (the sage)
अष्टावक्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअष्टावक्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
संवत्सरम्a year
संवत्सरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंवत्सर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
द्वादशtwelve
द्वादश:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वादश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मासान्months
मासान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
आहुःthey say/call
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
जगत्याःof the Jagatī (meter)
जगत्याः:
TypeNoun
Rootजगती
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
पादःa quarter (of a verse)
पादः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्वादशtwelve
द्वादश:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वादश
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अक्षराणिsyllables
अक्षराणि:
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
द्वादशtwelve
द्वादश:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वादश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अहःa day; day-period
अहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्राकृतःordinary/common (as opposed to special)
प्राकृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राकृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यज्ञःsacrifice
यज्ञः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उक्तःis said/called
उक्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
द्वादशtwelve
द्वादश:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वादश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
आदित्यान्Ādityas (solar deities)
आदित्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआदित्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
कथयन्तिthey describe/tell
कथयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootकथय्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
धीराःthe wise (men)
धीराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधीरा
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

अद्टावक्र उवाच

A
Aṣṭāvakra
J
Jagatī (metre)
P
Prākṛta yajña
D
Dvādāśāha
T
Twelve Ādityas

Educational Q&A

Aṣṭāvakra highlights how ‘twelve’ recurs across time (twelve months), sacred speech (Jagatī’s twelve-syllable quarters), ritual practice (a twelve-day sacrifice), and theology (twelve Ādityas), suggesting an underlying order that links cosmos, liturgy, and disciplined knowledge.

In his discourse, Aṣṭāvakra enumerates traditional correspondences centered on the number twelve, drawing from calendrical reckoning, Vedic metre, sacrificial duration, and the pantheon, to instruct listeners in seeing patterned harmony across different branches of sacred learning.