Shloka 10

Bhāgīratha’s Tapas and the Petition to Gaṅgā (गङ्गावतरण-प्रसङ्गः)

Devanagari script

एवमुक्तास्तु ते देवा लोकाश्न मनुजेश्वर । पितामहमनुज्ञाप्य विप्रजग्मुर्यथागतम्‌,नरेश्वर! उनके ऐसा कहनेपर सब देवता तथा अन्य लोग ब्रह्माजीकी आज्ञा ले जैसे आये थे वैसे लौट गये

Transliteration

evam uktās tu te devā lokāś ca manu-jeśvara | pitāmaham anu-jñāpya viprajagmur yathāgatam ||

Translation

โอ้ราชาแห่งมนุษย์ ครั้นกล่าวดังนั้นแล้ว เหล่าเทพและหมู่สัตว์อื่นทั้งปวง เมื่อได้รับอนุญาตจากปิตามหะ (พระพรหม) ก็ออกเดินทางกลับไปดังที่มา

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• उक्ताः: having been spoken to / addressed
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तु: but/indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• ते: those
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• देवाः: gods
• देवाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• लोकाः: people/other beings (worlds)
• लोकाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• मनुज-ईश्वर: O lord of men (king)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुज + ईश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• पितामह: the Grandsire (Brahmā)
• पितामह: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितामह
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अनुज्ञाप्य: having obtained permission (from)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनुज्ञा
• Form: absolutive (ल्यप्/क्त्वा), parasmaipada usage

• विप्रजग्मुः: departed/went away
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + प्र + गम्
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• यथा: as/just as
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• आगतम्: as (they had) come
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + गम्
• Form: past active participle (क्त) used adverbially, Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• नर-ईश्वर: O lord of men (king)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर + ईश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

लोगश उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Devāḥ (gods)
• Lokāḥ (other beings/assemblage)
• Pitāmaha (Brahmā)
• Manujeśvara (addressed king/lord of men)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights dhārmic decorum: even gods and eminent beings observe proper protocol by seeking the Grandsire’s consent before departing, modeling respect for authority and elders.

What is happening in the narrative?

After making their statement, the gods and other beings take leave of Pitāmaha (Brahmā) and then depart, returning in the same manner/route by which they arrived.