Shloka 42

अध्याय ८२ — केशवप्रयाणे निमित्तदर्शनम्

Omens and Reception During Keśava’s Departure

Devanagari script

आप हम पाण्डवोंका समाचार बताते हुए हमारी माँसे मिलियेगा और प्रणाम करके पुत्रशोकसे पीड़ित हुई उस देवीको बहुत-बहुत आश्वासन दीजियेगा ।।

Transliteration

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |

āpāṇḍavānāṃ samācāraṃ vaditvā asmākaṃ mātaraṃ militvā praṇamya putraśoka-pīḍitāṃ tāṃ devīm atibahu āśvāsaya ||

ūḍhāt prabhṛti duḥkhāni śvaśurāṇām ariṃdama |

nikārān atad-arhā ca paśyantī duḥkham aśnute ||

śatrudamana! sā vivāhāt prabhṛti śvaśura-gṛhe nānā-vidhāni duḥkhāni kaṣṭāni ca dṛṣṭvā anubhūya idānīm api tatraiva kaṣṭam aśnute |

Translation

ยุธิษฐิระกล่าวว่า “เมื่อแจ้งข่าวของพวกเราชาวปาณฑพแล้ว จงไปพบมารดาของเรา กราบนอบน้อมแด่นางผู้ประเสริฐซึ่งทุกข์ระทมด้วยความโศกถึงบุตร และจงปลอบประโลมนางครั้งแล้วครั้งเล่า. โอ้ผู้ปราบศัตรู ตั้งแต่วันแต่งงาน นางต้องเห็นแต่ความทุกข์และความอัปยศนานาประการในเรือนของสกุลฝ่ายสามี ทั้งที่นางไม่สมควรได้รับ และแม้บัดนี้ก็ยังทนทุกข์อยู่ที่นั่น.”

Word by Word

• ऊढात्: from (the time of) marriage / since being married
• ऊढात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊढ (वह्-धातोः क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; ऊढ = विवाहित/विवाहिता)
• Form: Feminine, Ablative, Singular

• प्रभृति: from, onwards, since
• प्रभृति: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रभृति

• दुःखानि: sufferings, pains
• दुःखानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• श्वशुराणाम्: of the fathers-in-law / of the in-laws (esp. father-in-law’s family)
• श्वशुराणाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्वशुर
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• अरिंदम: O subduer of foes
• Type: Noun
• Root: अरिंदम
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• निकारा: insults, humiliations, ill-treatments
• निकारा: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: निकारा
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• तदर्हा: not deserving that (treatment)
• तदर्हा: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तदर्ह (तद् + अर्ह; ‘deserving that’)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• पश्यन्ती: seeing, experiencing
• पश्यन्ती: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: पश्यत् (दृश्-धातोः शतृ-प्रत्यय; पश्यन्ती)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• दुःखम्: suffering, pain
• दुःखम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अश्नुते: she undergoes / experiences
• Type: Verb
• Root: अश् (अश्नुते)
• Form: Present, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

• शत्रुदमन: O tamer of enemies
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रुदमन
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

युधिष्ठिर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Pāṇḍavas
• Kuntī (implied as 'our mother')
• Kaurava household / in-laws’ house (śvaśura-gṛha)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse foregrounds dharma as compassionate responsibility: one must convey truthful news, offer respectful salutations, and actively console those burdened by grief—especially one’s mother—recognizing undeserved suffering and responding with reassurance rather than indifference.

What is happening in the narrative?

Yudhiṣṭhira instructs a messenger/ally to go to the Pāṇḍavas’ mother in the Kaurava/in-laws’ household, report the Pāṇḍavas’ condition, bow to her, and repeatedly comfort her. He emphasizes that she has endured many sorrows and humiliations since her marriage and continues to suffer even now.