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Shloka 5

Adhyaya 60: Self-Assertion, Daiva, and the Rhetoric of Inevitability (उद्योग पर्व)

नैव मानुषवद्‌ देवा: प्रवर्तन्ते कदाचन । कामात्‌ क्रोधात्‌ तथा लोभाद्‌ द्वेषाच्च भरतर्षभ

naiva mānuṣavad devāḥ pravartante kadācana | kāmāt krodhāt tathā lobhād dveṣāc ca bharatarṣabha ||

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า “โอ้ผู้ประเสริฐแห่งวงศ์ภารตะ เทพทั้งหลายไม่เคยประพฤติเฉกเช่นมนุษย์สามัญเลย เขามิได้ลงมือกระทำด้วยแรงขับแห่งกาม ด้วยโทสะ ด้วยโลภะ หรือด้วยความพยาบาท โอ้โคอุสภะแห่งภารตะ”

nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
evaindeed/just
eva:
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva
mānuṣa-vatlike humans
mānuṣa-vat:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootmānuṣa + vat
devāḥthe gods
devāḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootdeva
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
pravartanteact/proceed/engage
pravartante:
TypeVerb
Rootpra-√vṛt
Formpresent, ātmanepada, third, plural
kadācanaever/at any time
kadācana:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkadācana
kāmātfrom desire; out of desire
kāmāt:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootkāma
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
krodhātfrom anger; out of anger
krodhāt:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootkrodha
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
tathāso/likewise
tathā:
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā
lobhātfrom greed; out of greed
lobhāt:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootlobha
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
dveṣātfrom hatred; out of hatred
dveṣāt:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootdveṣa
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
bharata-ṛṣabhaO bull of the Bharatas (best of Bharatas)
bharata-ṛṣabha:
TypeNoun
Rootbharata + ṛṣabha
Formmasculine, vocative, singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
D
Devāḥ (the gods)
B
Bharatarṣabha (addressed Bharata prince/king)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts divine and ordinary human conduct: the gods are portrayed as not acting under the sway of the four inner enemies—desire, anger, greed, and hatred—implying that ethical action should be guided by dharma and discernment rather than impulsive passions.

Vaiśampāyana, as narrator, makes a general statement about the nature of the gods to frame the surrounding discussion: divine agency is not to be interpreted as passion-driven in the way human decisions often are, especially in contexts of conflict and high emotion.