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Shloka 20

Nara-Nārāyaṇa Precedent and Bhīṣma’s Counsel on Kṛṣṇa–Arjuna; Karṇa’s Reply

अजेयौ मानुषे लोके सेन्द्रैरपि सुरासुरै: । एष नारायण: कृष्ण: फाल्गुनश्न नर: स्मृत: । नारायणो नरश्वैव सत्त्वमेकं द्विधा कृतम्‌,इस मनुष्यलोकमें इन्हें इन्द्रसहित सम्पूर्ण देवता और असुर भी नहीं जीत सकते। ये श्रीकृष्ण नारायण हैं और अर्जुन नर माने गये हैं। नारायण और नर दोनों एक ही सत्ता हैं, परंतु लोकहितके लिये दो शरीर धारण करके प्रकट हुए हैं

ajeyau mānuṣe loke sendrair api surāsuraiḥ | eṣa nārāyaṇaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ phālgunaś ca naraḥ smṛtaḥ | nārāyaṇo naraś caiva sattvam ekaṃ dvidhā kṛtam |

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า “ในโลกมนุษย์ แม้เหล่าเทพและอสูรทั้งปวงรวมกัน—แม้มีพระอินทร์ด้วย—ก็ไม่อาจพิชิตทั้งสองได้ พระกฤษณะเป็นที่รู้จักว่า ‘นารายณะ’ และฟาลคุนะ (อรชุน) ถูกจดจำว่า ‘นร’ นารายณะกับนรแท้จริงคือสภาวะทิพย์เดียวกัน ปรากฏเป็นสองรูปเพื่อเกื้อกูลโลก”

अजेयौunconquerable (two persons)
अजेयौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअजेय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
मानुषेin the human
मानुषे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमानुष
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
लोकेworld
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सेन्द्रैःtogether with Indra
सेन्द्रैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootस-इन्द्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
सुरby gods
सुर:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसुर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
असुरैःby demons
असुरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअसुर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
एषःthis (one)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नारायणःNārāyaṇa
नारायणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनारायण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृष्णःKṛṣṇa
कृष्णः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
फाल्गुनःPhālguna (Arjuna)
फाल्गुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootफाल्गुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नरःNara
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्मृतःis considered/remembered (as)
स्मृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
नारायणःNārāyaṇa
नारायणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनारायण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नरःNara
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सत्त्वम्essence/being
सत्त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एकम्one
एकम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
द्विधाin two ways/twofold
द्विधा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootद्विधा
कृतम्made/divided
कृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
N
Nārāyaṇa
K
Kṛṣṇa
P
Phālguna (Arjuna)
N
Nara
I
Indra
D
Devas (Suras)
A
Asuras
M
Mānuṣa-loka (human world)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches the unity of the divine and the ideal human: Kṛṣṇa as Nārāyaṇa and Arjuna as Nara are one essential reality manifested in two forms for loka-hita (the welfare of the world). Ethically, it frames righteous action as supported by divine purpose and emphasizes that true strength is grounded in dharma and divine alignment.

In the Udyoga Parva’s lead-up to war, Vaiśaṃpāyana identifies Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna as the Nara-Nārāyaṇa pair and declares them unconquerable—even by gods and asuras—thereby elevating their alliance and signaling that the coming conflict is underwritten by a larger cosmic design.