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Shloka 1

Nara-Nārāyaṇa Precedent and Bhīṣma’s Counsel on Kṛṣṇa–Arjuna; Karṇa’s Reply

अपना छा अकाल एकोनपज्चाशत्तमो<्ध्याय: भीष्मका दुर्योधनको संधिके लिये समझाते हुए श्रीकृष्ण और अर्जुनकी महिमा बताना एवं कर्णपर आक्षेप करना, कर्णकी आत्मप्रशंसा, भीष्मके द्वारा उसका पुनः उपहास एवं द्रोणाचार्यद्वारा भीष्मजीके कथनका अनुमोदन वैशम्पायन उवाच समवेतेषु सर्वेषु तेषु राजसु भारत । दुर्योधनमिदं वाक्‍्यं भीष्म: शान्तनवोडब्रवीत्‌,वैशम्पायनजी कहते हैं--भारत! वहाँ एकत्र हुए उन समस्त राजाओंकी मण्डलीमें शान्तनुनन्दन भीष्मने दुर्योधनसे यह बात कही--

vaiśampāyana uvāca | samaveteṣu sarveṣu teṣu rājasu bhārata | duryodhanam idaṃ vākyaṃ bhīṣmaḥ śāntanavo 'bravīt ||

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า “โอ ภารตะ เมื่อบรรดากษัตริย์ทั้งปวงมาชุมนุมพร้อมกัน ณ ที่นั้นแล้ว ภีษมะบุตรแห่งศานตนุได้กล่าวถ้อยคำนี้แก่ทุรโยธนะ”

वैशम्पायनःVaiśampāyana
वैशम्पायनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैशम्पायन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
समवेतेषुwhen assembled / among those assembled
समवेतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसमवेत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
सर्वेषुamong all
सर्वेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
तेषुamong those
तेषु:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
राजसुamong the kings
राजसु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
भारतO Bhārata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दुर्योधनम्Duryodhana
दुर्योधनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाक्यम्speech/words
वाक्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भीष्मःBhīṣma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शान्तनवःson of Śantanu
शान्तनवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशान्तनव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said/spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (Anadyatana-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
B
Bhārata (Janamejaya as addressee)
B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śāntanu
D
Duryodhana
A
assembled kings (rājas)

Educational Q&A

The verse sets up an ethical-political instruction: in a public assembly, a senior guardian of dharma (Bhīṣma) is about to counsel a powerful but misguided ruler (Duryodhana). It highlights the responsibility of elders to speak truth for the welfare of the realm and the accountability of kings to heed wise counsel.

Allied kings have gathered, and the narrator Vaiśampāyana reports that Bhīṣma begins addressing Duryodhana. This is the opening line introducing Bhīṣma’s forthcoming speech in the council context, a key moment in the lead-up to the Kurukṣetra war.