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Shloka 19

Sanatsujāta–Dhṛtarāṣṭra Saṃvāda: Pramāda as Mṛtyu

Chapter 42

अपनी बहुत बड़ाई करनेवाले, लोलुप, तनिक-से भी अपमानको सहन न करनेवाले, निरन्तर क्रोधी, चंचल और अश्रितोंकी रक्षा नहीं करनेवाले--ये छः प्रकारके मनुष्य पापी हैं। महान्‌ संकटमें पड़नेपर भी ये निडर होकर इन पापकर्मोंका आचरण करते हैं ।। सम्भोगसंविद्‌ विषमो5तिमानी दत्तानुतापी कृपणो बलीयान्‌ । वर्गप्रशंसी वनितासु द्वेष्टा एते परे सप्त नृशंसवर्गा:

saṃbhogasaṃvid viṣamo 'timānī dattānutāpī kṛpaṇo balīyān | vargapraśaṃsī vanitāsu dveṣṭā ete pare sapta nṛśaṃsavargāḥ ||

สันตสุชาตะกล่าวว่า “มีคนเจ็ดจำพวกอยู่ในหมู่โหดร้ายและบาป: ผู้เจ้าเล่ห์ในเรื่องเสพสุขและความใกล้ชิด; ผู้ประพฤติไม่เที่ยงธรรม; ผู้ทะนงตนยิ่ง; ผู้ให้แล้วกลับเสียใจ; ผู้ตระหนี่; ผู้พึ่งพาแต่กำลังหยาบ; ผู้สรรเสริญแต่พวกของตน; และผู้ชิงชังสตรี”

सम्भोगसंवित्one who knows/understands sensual enjoyment
सम्भोगसंवित्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसम्भोग-संविद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
विषमःuneven; perverse; unfair
विषमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविषम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अतिमानीover-proud; excessively self-conceited
अतिमानी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअतिमानिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दत्तानुतापीone who regrets what he has given
दत्तानुतापी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदत्त-अनुतापिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृपणःmiser; stingy person
कृपणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृपण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बलीयान्stronger; very powerful
बलीयान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबलिन् (comparative: बलीयस्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वर्गप्रशंसीone who praises his own faction/group
वर्गप्रशंसी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवर्ग-प्रशंसिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वनितासुamong women; with respect to women
वनितासु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवनिता
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
द्वेष्टाhater; one who hates
द्वेष्टा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्वेष्टृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परेothers; further (in addition)
परे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सप्तseven
सप्त:
TypeNumeral
Rootसप्त
Formtrue
नृशंसवर्गाःclasses of cruel/wicked men
नृशंसवर्गाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृशंस-वर्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

सनत्युजात उवाच

S
Sanatsujāta

Educational Q&A

Sanatsujāta classifies certain entrenched vices—pride, unfairness, miserly and grudging giving, reliance on brute force, partisan self-praise, and hatred toward women—as marks of a ‘cruel’ disposition. The ethical point is that such traits persist even under danger, showing deep-rooted adharma that must be recognized and restrained.

In Udyoga Parva, Sanatsujāta instructs Dhṛtarāṣṭra on dharma and inner discipline during the tense pre-war negotiations. This verse is part of his moral diagnosis of destructive character-types that lead rulers and societies toward ruin.