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Shloka 27

अध्याय ३९: विदुरेण धृतराष्ट्राय नीत्युपदेशः

Timely Counsel, Association, and Kin-Duty

वैश्यो<धीत्य ब्राह्मणान क्षत्रियां श्र धनै: काले संविभज्यतश्रितांश्ष । त्रेतापूतं धूममापच्राय पुण्यं प्रेत्य स्वर्गे दिव्यसुखानि भुझ्क्ते,वैश्य यदि वेद-शास्त्रोंका अध्ययन करके ब्राह्मण, क्षत्रिय तथा आश्रितजनोंको समय- समयपर धन देकर उनकी सहायता करे और यज्ञोंद्वारा तीनों- अग्नियोंके पवित्र धूमकी सुगन्ध लेता रहे तो वह मरनेके पश्चात्‌ स्वर्गलोकमें दिव्य सुख भोगता है

vaiśyo ’dhītya brāhmaṇān kṣatriyāṁś ca dhanaiḥ kāle saṁvibhajya tadāśritān | tretā-pūtaṁ dhūmam āpāśritya puṇyaṁ pretya svarge divya-sukhāni bhuṅkte ||

หากไวศยะศึกษาพระเวทและศาสตรา แล้วแบ่งปันทรัพย์สินตามกาลอันควรเพื่อเกื้อหนุนพราหมณ์ กษัตริย์นักรบ และผู้พึ่งพิงของตน อีกทั้งบำรุงไฟยัญพิธี—ดำรงชีวิตท่ามกลางกลิ่นหอมแห่งควันอันบริสุทธิ์—ครั้นสิ้นชีพย่อมได้บุญ และเสวยสุขทิพย์ในสวรรค์।

वैश्यःa Vaishya (merchant/commoner)
वैश्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अधीत्यhaving studied
अधीत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-इ (अधीते)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
वेद-शास्त्राणिVedas and scriptures
वेद-शास्त्राणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवेद-शास्त्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
ब्राह्मणान्Brahmins
ब्राह्मणान्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
क्षत्रियान्Kshatriyas
क्षत्रियान्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आश्रितान्dependents; those who have taken refuge
आश्रितान्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootआश्रित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
धनैःwith wealth; by means of money
धनैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
कालेat the proper time
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
संविभज्यhaving distributed; having shared
संविभज्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-वि-भज्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
त्रेता-पूतम्purified by the three (sacred) fires
त्रेता-पूतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रेता-पूत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धूमम्smoke (of the sacrifice)
धूमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधूम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आघ्रायhaving smelled; having inhaled
आघ्राय:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-घ्रा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
पुण्यम्merit; virtue
पुण्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुण्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रेत्यhaving departed (i.e., after death)
प्रेत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-इ (प्रेति)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
स्वर्गेin heaven
स्वर्गे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
दिव्य-सुखानिdivine pleasures
दिव्य-सुखानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्य-सुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
भुङ्क्तेenjoys; partakes
भुङ्क्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
V
Vaiśya
B
Brāhmaṇas
K
Kṣatriyas
Ā
Āśritas (dependents)
T
Three sacred fires (tretā)
S
Svarga (heaven)

Educational Q&A

Wealth and social power become dharmic when guided by study (veda-śāstra), timely generosity to worthy recipients and dependents, and the maintenance of yajña (the sacred fires). Such a life yields puṇya and a favorable afterlife.

In Vidura’s counsel (nīti) within Udyoga Parva, he describes the proper conduct and spiritual reward for a vaiśya: learning, supporting brāhmaṇas and kṣatriyas and one’s dependents, and sustaining sacrificial rites, culminating in attainment of svarga after death.