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Shloka 5

Vidura-nīti: Atithi-dharma, Trust, Counsel-Secrecy, and Traits of Sustainable Rule

Udyoga Parva, Adhyāya 38

उक्त मया जातमात्रेडपि राजन्‌ दुर्योधन त्यज पुत्र त्वमेकम्‌ । तस्य त्यागात्‌ पुत्रशतस्य वृद्धि- रस्यात्यागात्‌ पुत्रशतस्यथ नाश:,राजन! दुर्योधनके जन्म लेते ही मैंने कहा था कि केवल इसी एक पुत्रको आप त्याग दें। इसके त्यागसे सौ पुत्रोंकी वृद्धि होगी और इसका त्याग न करनेसे सौ पुत्रोंका नाश होगा

uktaṃ mayā jātamātre ’pi rājan duryodhana tyaja putra tvam ekam | tasya tyāgāt putraśatasya vṛddhir asyātyāgāt putraśatasya atha nāśaḥ ||

ข้าแต่พระราชา แม้ในยามที่ทุรโยธน์เพิ่งถือกำเนิด ข้าพเจ้าได้ทูลแล้วว่า—จงละทิ้งโอรสเพียงคนนี้เสีย หากทรงสละเขา โอรสทั้งร้อยจะรุ่งเรือง; แต่หากไม่สละ โอรสทั้งร้อยนั้นจักถึงความพินาศ

उक्तम्said/uttered
उक्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (क्त, उक्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मयाby me
मया:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormInstrumental, Singular
जातमात्रेat the very moment of birth
जातमात्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootजातमात्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दुर्योधनO Duryodhana
दुर्योधन:
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
त्यजabandon/give up
त्यज:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
पुत्रम्son
पुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
एकम्one (single)
एकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तस्यof him/of that
तस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
त्यागात्from (the act of) abandoning
त्यागात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootत्याग
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
पुत्रशतस्यof a hundred sons
पुत्रशतस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्रशत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
वृद्धिःincrease/prosperity
वृद्धिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृद्धि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अस्यof this (one)
अस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अत्यागात्from not abandoning
अत्यागात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअत्याग
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
पुत्रशतस्यof a hundred sons
पुत्रशतस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्रशत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
अथthen/and
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
नाशःdestruction
नाशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनाश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
D
Duryodhana
K
Kauravas (hundred sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Educational Q&A

Vidura teaches that a ruler must place dharma and the welfare of the many above personal attachment. Tolerating a single destructive influence out of favoritism can bring ruin upon an entire lineage; timely renunciation of adharma preserves the greater good.

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura counsels King Dhṛtarāṣṭra during the escalating conflict with the Pāṇḍavas. He recalls an earlier warning given at Duryodhana’s birth: if the king had abandoned that one son, the rest would have prospered; by keeping him, the king set the stage for the Kauravas’ collective downfall.