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Shloka 3

Vidura-nīti: Atithi-dharma, Trust, Counsel-Secrecy, and Traits of Sustainable Rule

Udyoga Parva, Adhyāya 38

प्रियो भवति दानेन प्रियवादेन चापर: । मन्त्रमूलबलेनान्यो य: प्रिय: प्रिय एव सः,संसारमें कोई मनुष्य दान देनेसे प्रिय होता है, दूसरा प्रिय वचन बोलनेसे प्रिय होता है और तीसरा मन्त्र तथा औषधके बलसे प्रिय होता है; किंतु जो वास्तवमें प्रिय है, वह तो सदा प्रिय ही है

priyo bhavati dānena priyavādena cāparaḥ | mantramūlabalenānyo yaḥ priyaḥ priya eva saḥ ||

วิดุระกล่าวว่า “บางคนเป็นที่รักด้วยการให้ทาน บางคนเป็นที่รักด้วยวาจาไพเราะ บางคนเป็นที่รักด้วยอานุภาพแห่งมนต์และโอสถ; แต่ผู้ที่เป็นที่รักโดยแท้ ย่อมเป็นที่รักอยู่เสมอ”

प्रियःdear, liked
प्रियः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवतिbecomes
भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
दानेनby giving, by gift
दानेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
प्रियवादेनby pleasant speech
प्रियवादेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रियवाद
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपरःanother (person)
अपरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मन्त्रmantra, spell
मन्त्र:
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्र
FormMasculine, Stem (in compound), Singular
मूलroot, basis
मूल:
TypeNoun
Rootमूल
FormNeuter, Stem (in compound), Singular
बलेनby strength/power
बलेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अन्यःanother (person)
अन्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रियःdear (truly dear)
प्रियः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रियःdear
प्रियः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सःhe, that person
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura

Educational Q&A

Vidura distinguishes between affection gained by external means—gifts, flattering speech, or ritual/medical influence—and genuine affection that is steady and unconditional. The verse urges discernment: do not mistake purchased or induced goodwill for true loyalty.

In the Udyoga Parva, as tensions rise toward war, Vidura offers moral counsel (nīti) to guide conduct and judgment. Here he reflects on how people become 'dear' for different reasons, warning that only innate, steadfast goodwill is reliable in critical times.