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Shloka 28

उद्योगपर्व — विदुरनीतिः (Adhyāya 37): आयुःक्षयहेतवः, नीतिसूत्राणि, बलभेदाः, पाण्डव-विग्रहदोषदर्शनम्

ब्राह्मणं ब्राह्मणो वेद भर्ता वेद स्त्रियं तथा । अमात्यं नृपतिर्वेद राजा राजानमेव च,ब्राह्मणको ब्राह्मण जानता है, स्त्रीको उसका पति जानता है, मन्त्रीको राजा जानता है और राजाको भी राजा ही जानता है

brāhmaṇaṃ brāhmaṇo veda bhartā veda striyaṃ tathā | amātyaṃ nṛpatir veda rājā rājānam eva ca ||

พราหมณ์ย่อมรู้จักพราหมณ์ด้วยกัน หญิงย่อมเป็นที่รู้จักโดยสามีของนาง; อมาตย์ย่อมเป็นที่รู้จักโดยพระราชา และแม้พระราชาเองก็ย่อมเป็นที่รู้จักโดยพระราชาอีกองค์หนึ่งเท่านั้น

ब्राह्मणम्a Brahmin (as object)
ब्राह्मणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin (as subject)
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वेदknows
वेद:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
भर्ताthe husband
भर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभर्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वेदknows
वेद:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्त्रियम्a woman (wife) (as object)
स्त्रियम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise/so also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अमात्यम्a minister/counsellor (as object)
अमात्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअमात्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नृपतिःthe king
नृपतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वेदknows
वेद:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजानम्a king (as object)
राजानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवonly/indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
B
brāhmaṇa
B
bhartā (husband)
S
strī (woman/wife)
A
amātya (minister)
N
nṛpati (king)
R
rājā (king)

Educational Q&A

True understanding of a person’s nature and duties comes from shared training and comparable lived responsibility: brāhmaṇas best judge brāhmaṇas, spouses know each other intimately, kings best evaluate ministers, and only a peer ruler can fully assess another ruler’s burdens, motives, and conduct.

In Vidura’s counsel during the Udyoga Parva, he offers a maxim about discernment and proper evaluation of people in their roles—especially relevant to royal decision-making, where judging ministers and other kings requires experience, closeness, and ethical insight.