Shloka 63

उद्योगपर्व — अध्याय 33: धृतराष्ट्र-विदुर संवादः (विदुरनीतिः)

Devanagari script

अर्थनामीश्वरो यः स्यादिन्द्रियाणामनी श्वर: । इन्द्रियाणामनैश्वयदिदश्वर्याद्‌ भ्रश्यते हि सः

Transliteration

arthanāmīśvaro yaḥ syād indriyāṇām anīśvaraḥ | indriyāṇām anaiśvaryād aiśvaryād bhraśyate hi saḥ ||

Translation

แม้เป็นเจ้าของทรัพย์สมบัติมาก หากมิได้เป็นเจ้าเหนืออินทรีย์ ตรงเพราะไร้อำนาจเหนืออินทรีย์นั้นเอง เขาย่อมตกจากความมั่งคั่งและอำนาจ

Word by Word

• अर्थनाम: one having wealth (lit. wealth-named/wealth-possessing)
• अर्थनाम: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ईश्वरः: lord, master
• ईश्वरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• स्यात्: would be / may be
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• इन्द्रियाणाम्: of the senses
• इन्द्रियाणाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• अनीश्वरः: not master (powerless)
• अनीश्वरः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनीश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• इन्द्रियाणाम्: of the senses
• इन्द्रियाणाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• अनैश्वर्यात्: from lack of mastery
• अनैश्वर्यात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनैश्वर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• ईश्वर्यात्: from prosperity / lordship
• ईश्वर्यात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऐश्वर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• भ्रश्यते: falls away, is deprived
• Type: Verb
• Root: भ्रंश् (धातु)
• Form: Present (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

• हि: indeed, for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (निपात)

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

विदुर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vidura
• senses (indriyāṇi)
• wealth (artha)
• prosperity/sovereignty (aiśvarya)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

True sovereignty is self-mastery: control over the senses is the foundation of lasting prosperity. Wealth and power without restraint lead to downfall.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Vidura’s counsel during the Udyoga Parva, he warns that rulers or householders who cannot govern their senses will inevitably lose their wealth and status, emphasizing ethical discipline as essential for stability.