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Shloka 80

Adhyaya 32: Saṃjaya’s Return, Audience with Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Ethical Admonition

अरक्षितारं राजानं भार्या चाप्रियवादिनीम्‌ | ग्रामकामं च गोपालं वनकाम॑ च नापितम्‌,उपदेश न देनेवाले आचार्य, मन्त्रोच्चारण न करनेवाले होता, रक्षा करनेमें असमर्थ राजा, कटु वचन बोलनेवाली स्त्री, ग्राममें रहनेकी इच्छावाले ग्वाले तथा वनमें रहनेकी इच्छावाले नाई--इन छःको उसी भाँति छोड़ दे, जैसे समुद्रकी सैर करनेवाला मनुष्य छिद्रयुक्त नावका परित्याग कर देता है

araksitāraṁ rājānaṁ bhāryā cāpriyavādinīm | grāmakāmaṁ ca gopālaṁ vanakāmaṁ ca nāpitam ||

วิทุระแนะนำว่า—พึงละโดยไม่ลังเล พระราชาผู้คุ้มครองมิได้ ภรรยาผู้กล่าววาจาหยาบ คนเลี้ยงโคผู้ใฝ่แต่ชีวิตในหมู่บ้าน และช่างตัดผมผู้ใฝ่แต่ชีวิตในป่า ดุจผู้เดินเรือทิ้งเรือที่พรุนไปด้วยรูในท้องทะเล।

अरक्षितारम्one who does not protect (an unprotecting one)
अरक्षितारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअरक्षितृ (न. प्रातिपदिक; a-रक्षितृ)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
राजानम्king
राजानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
भार्याwife
भार्या:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अप्रियवादिनीम्speaking unpleasant words; harsh-speaking
अप्रियवादिनीम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रियवादिन् (स्त्री. प्रातिपदिक; अप्रिय + वादिन्)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
ग्रामकामम्desiring the village (i.e., wanting to stay in the village)
ग्रामकामम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootग्रामकाम (प्रातिपदिक; ग्राम + काम)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गोपालम्cowherd
गोपालम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगोपाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वनकामम्desiring the forest (i.e., wanting to stay in the forest)
वनकामम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवनकाम (प्रातिपदिक; वन + काम)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नापितम्barber
नापितम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनापित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
king (rājā)
W
wife (bhāryā)
C
cowherd (gopāla)
B
barber (nāpita)
B
boat (nāva)
S
sea/ocean (samudra)

Educational Q&A

Roles and relationships are to be judged by their dharmic function: a ruler must protect, a spouse should be supportive in speech, and workers should be suited to their place and duty. When a person is fundamentally unfit for their role and becomes a source of danger or harm, one should withdraw—like abandoning a leaky boat before it sinks.

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura delivers niti (practical ethical counsel) in the tense lead-up to the Kurukṣetra war. Here he uses a vivid simile—discarding a hole-ridden boat at sea—to urge timely separation from unreliable protectors and dysfunctional companions.