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Shloka 57

Adhyaya 32: Saṃjaya’s Return, Audience with Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Ethical Admonition

द्वावेव न विराजेते विपरीतेन कर्मणा । गृहस्थश्व निरारम्भ: कार्यवांश्वैव भिक्षुक:

dvāv eva na virājete viparītena karmaṇā | gṛhasthaś ca nirārambhaḥ kāryavāṁś caiva bhikṣukaḥ ||

วิทุระกล่าวว่า “มีอยู่เพียงสองคนที่ไม่รุ่งเรืองเมื่อกระทำการสวนทางหน้าที่ของตน: คฤหัสถ์ผู้ไร้ความเพียร และภิกษุผู้หมกมุ่นกิจการทางโลก เมื่อกลับตาลปัตรต่อธรรมแห่งอาศรม ทั้งสองย่อมสูญสิ้นศักดิ์ศรีที่พึงมี.”

द्वौtwo
द्वौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विराजेतेshine/are esteemed
विराजेते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि√राज्
FormPresent, 3rd, Dual, Atmanepada
विपरीतेनby contrary/opposite
विपरीतेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootविपरीत
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
कर्मणाby action/deed
कर्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
गृहस्थःhouseholder
गृहस्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगृहस्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
निरारम्भःinactive; not undertaking (duties)
निरारम्भः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिरारम्भ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कार्यवान्engaged in work; having tasks
कार्यवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकार्यवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
भिक्षुकःmendicant/beggar
भिक्षुकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभिक्षुक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
G
gṛhastha (householder)
B
bhikṣuka (mendicant)

Educational Q&A

Dignity and moral effectiveness arise when one performs the duties appropriate to one’s station: the householder should responsibly initiate and sustain productive work, while the mendicant should remain free from worldly busyness. Reversing these roles undermines both.

In Vidura’s counsel (Vidura-nīti) during the Udyoga Parva, he instructs the Kuru court on ethical governance and personal conduct. Here he highlights how social and spiritual roles lose their value when their defining disciplines are abandoned.