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Shloka 52

अम्बा–राम–भीष्म संवादः

Amba–Rama–Bhishma Dialogue on Vow and Refuge

ब्रह्महत्या न तस्य स्यादिति धर्मेषु निश्चय: । क्षत्रियाणां स्थितो धर्मे क्षत्रियोडस्मि तपोधन

brahmahatyā na tasya syād iti dharmeṣu niścayaḥ | kṣatriyāṇāṃ sthito dharme kṣatriyo ’smi tapodhana |

คัมภีร์ธรรมวินัยวินิจฉัยไว้แน่ชัดว่า ผู้นั้นย่อมไม่ต้องรับบาปพราหมณ์ฆาต หากพราหมณ์ผู้ใดถือเอาวิถีศึกของกษัตริย์ ยกคันธนูและศร ก้าวเข้ามาด้วยโทสะเพื่อรบ มิหันหลังหนี ผู้เป็นนักรบที่เห็นเขาในสภาพนั้นแล้วสังหาร ย่อมไม่ต้องรับโทษบาปพราหมณ์ฆาต โอ้ผู้มั่งคั่งด้วยตบะ เราเป็นกษัตริย์ ตั้งมั่นอยู่ในธรรมของกษัตริย์

ब्रह्महत्याBrahmin-slaying (sin of killing a Brahmin)
ब्रह्महत्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्महत्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तस्यof him/for him
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
स्यात्would be / should be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (भू)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
धर्मेषुin the dharmas / in the law-texts
धर्मेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
निश्चयःdecision, determination
निश्चयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिश्चय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियाणाम्of Kshatriyas
क्षत्रियाणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
स्थितःstanding, abiding
स्थितः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मेin (their) duty/law
धर्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
क्षत्रियःa Kshatriya
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्मिI am
अस्मि:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent (Lat), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
तपोधनO ascetic (one whose wealth is austerity)
तपोधन:
TypeNoun
Rootतपोधन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

राम उवाच

R
Rāma
B
Brahmin (brāhmaṇa)
K
Kṣatriya (kṣatriya)
B
bow (dhanus)
A
arrows (bāṇa)

Educational Q&A

Moral culpability is assessed by role and conduct in a given situation: when a Brahmin adopts the kṣatriya’s battlefield posture and engages as a combatant, the act of killing him in that combat is treated under the rules of war rather than as brahmahatyā; the speaker grounds this in dharma-textual precedent and affirms his own kṣatriya duty.

Rāma addresses an ascetic (tapodhana) and justifies a wartime ethical rule: he states that dharma authorities hold that killing a Brahmin who has entered battle like a kṣatriya does not bring the specific sin of Brahmin-slaying, and he frames his stance as consistent with his identity and obligations as a kṣatriya.