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Shloka 53

Pāṇḍava-senā-niryāṇa and Vyūha-vibhāga (पाण्डवसेनानिर्याण तथा व्यूहविभाग)

स पाप: क्षत्रियो भूत्वा अस्मानाहूय संयुगे । मान्यामान्यान्‌ पुरस्कृत्य युद्ध मा गा: कुलाधम,“कुलाधम! तू पापी है! देख, क्षत्रिय होकर और हमलोगोंको युद्धके लिये बुलाकर ऐसे लोगोंको आगे करके रणभूमिमें न आना, जो हमारे माननीय वृद्ध गुरुजन और स्नेहास्पद बालक हों

sa pāpaḥ kṣatriyo bhūtvā asmān āhūya saṃyuge | mānyāmānyān puraskṛtya yuddha mā gāḥ kulādhama ||

สัญชัยกล่าวว่า “โอ้ผู้เป็นมลทินแห่งตระกูล! เจ้าช่างบาปนัก เกิดเป็นกษัตริย์นักรบแต่กลับเรียกพวกเรามาสู่ศึก ทว่าอย่าได้ย่างสู่สนามรบโดยเอาผู้ควรเคารพไว้เบื้องหน้า—บรรดาครูอาจารย์และผู้เฒ่าผู้แก่ของเรา รวมทั้งเยาวชนอันเป็นที่รัก—การกระทำนั้นเป็นบาปและต่ำช้า”

सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पापःsinful, wicked
पापः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपाप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियःKshatriya (warrior)
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूत्वाhaving become
भूत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
अस्मान्us
अस्मान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Accusative, Plural
आहूयhaving summoned/called
आहूय:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-ह्वा
Formल्यप् (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
संयुगेin battle
संयुगे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंयुग
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मान्यान्venerable (persons)
मान्यान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमान्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अमान्यान्not-to-be-honoured, contemptible (persons)
अमान्यान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअमान्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पुरस्कृत्यhaving put in front; having made leaders
पुरस्कृत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपुरस्-कृ
Formल्यप् (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
युद्धम्to battle; battle
युद्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
Formprohibitive particle
गाःgo/come
गाः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormLot (imperative), Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
कुलाधमO disgrace of the family
कुलाधम:
TypeNoun
Rootकुलाधम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
kṣatriya (warrior class)
V
venerable elders/teachers (guru-jana, implied)
B
beloved children/young ones (bālaka, implied)
B
battlefield (saṃyuga/yuddha)

Educational Q&A

The verse condemns ignoble warfare: a true kṣatriya must face battle with honor and responsibility, not hide behind or endanger those who deserve protection and reverence (elders, teachers, and the young).

Sañjaya reports a harsh rebuke directed at an opponent: despite claiming kṣatriya status and calling others to fight, he is warned not to enter battle by pushing forward venerable elders/teachers and beloved youngsters—an accusation of cowardice and adharma in conduct.