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Shloka 22

Adhyāya 160: Arjuna’s Envoy-Message—Critique of Borrowed Valor and Pre-dawn Mobilization

नानाजनीघं युधि सम्प्रवृद्धं गाड़ं यथा वेगमपारणीयम्‌ | मां च स्थितं नागबलस्य मध्ये युयुत्ससे मन्द किमल्पबुद्धे,“अल्पबुद्धि मूढ़ युधिष्ठिर! जिसका वेग युद्धकालमें गंगाके वेगके समान बढ़ जाता है और जिसे पार करना असम्भव है, नाना प्रकारके जनसमुदायसे भरी हुई मेरी उस विशाल वाहिनीके साथ तथा गजसेनाके बीचमें खड़े हुए मुझ दुर्योधनके साथ भी तुम युद्धकी इच्छा कैसे रखते हो?”

nānājanīghaṃ yudhi sampravṛddhaṃ gāḍhaṃ yathā vegam apāraṇīyam | māṃ ca sthitaṃ nāgabalasya madhye yuyutsase manda kim alpabuddhe ||

โอ้ยธิษฐิระผู้ทึบปัญญา! ในยามศึก กองทัพใหญ่ของข้าอันแน่นด้วยผู้คนหลากหมู่ จะพองตัวดุจกระแสน้ำคงคาอันเชี่ยวกราก—ยากจะข้ามพ้นได้. และเมื่อข้ายืนอยู่ท่ามกลางกำลังแห่งกองช้าง แล้วเจ้าจะยังใฝ่รบได้อย่างไร?

नानाvarious, many kinds of
नाना:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाना
जनीघम्mass of people, multitude
जनीघम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजनीघ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
युधिin battle
युधि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुध् (प्रातिपदिक: युध्/युधि)
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
सम्प्रवृद्धम्grown greatly, swollen
सम्प्रवृद्धम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-प्र-वृध् (धातु) → प्रवृद्ध (कृदन्त)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
गाढम्dense, deep, formidable
गाढम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootगाढ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यथाas, like
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
वेगम्speed, force, rush
वेगम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवेग (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपारणीयम्not to be crossed, impassable
अपारणीयम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-√पॄ/पॄ (पारणीय) (कृदन्त)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
Form—, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्थितम्standing, stationed
स्थितम्:
TypeAdjective
Root√स्था (धातु) → स्थित (कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नागबलस्यof the elephant-force
नागबलस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootनागबल (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
मध्येin the midst
मध्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमध्य (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
युयुत्ससेyou wish to fight
युयुत्ससे:
TypeVerb
Root√युध् (युयुत्स्- इच्छार्थ) (धातु)
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Atmanepada
मन्दO dull one
मन्द:
TypeAdjective
Rootमन्द (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
किम्why? how?
किम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम/प्रश्न)
अल्पबुद्धेO small-minded one
अल्पबुद्धे:
TypeNoun
Rootअल्पबुद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

उलूक उवाच

U
Ulūka
D
Duryodhana
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
G
Gaṅgā
N
nāgabalā (elephant corps)
K
Kaurava army (implied)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts two bases for action: intimidation through sheer military might versus the dharmic evaluation of war. Ulūka’s rhetoric treats power and numbers as decisive, but the epic repeatedly shows that adharma-backed force is not a reliable measure of rightness or ultimate outcome.

Ulūka, acting as a Kaurava messenger, delivers a provocative message meant to demoralize the Pāṇḍavas. He boasts that the Kaurava host is like an uncrossable flood and highlights the elephant corps and Duryodhana’s position, mocking the opponent’s resolve to fight.