Shloka 10

Gālava’s Eastern Ascent with Garuḍa; Counsel on Kāla and Upāya (उद्योगपर्व, अध्याय ११०)

Devanagari script

अत्र राक्षसयक्षाणां गन्धर्वाणां च गालव

Transliteration

atra rākṣasa-yakṣāṇāṃ gandharvāṇāṃ ca, gālava; gālava! asyāṃ diśi kailāsa-parvate rākṣasānāṃ yakṣāṇāṃ gandharvāṇāṃ cādhipatyaṃ kartum dhanadaḥ kuberaḥ abhiṣiktaḥ. uttarāyāṃ diśi eva ramaṇīyaṃ caitraratha-vanaṃ ca vaikhānasa-ṛṣīṇām āśramaś ca.

Translation

โอ้กาลวะ! ณ แคว้นนี้เอง บนยอดเขาไกรลาส ธนทา กุเบร ได้รับอภิเษกให้ครองอำนาจเหนือเหล่ารากษส ยักษะ และคันธรรพ. และในทิศเหนือยังมีป่าไจตรรถอันรื่นรมย์ กับอาศรมของฤๅษีไวขานสะ.

Word by Word

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र
• Form: indeclinable (locative adverb)

• राक्षस: of the demons (rakshasas)
• राक्षस: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस
• Form: masculine, genitive, plural

• यक्षाणाम्: of the yakshas
• यक्षाणाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: यक्ष
• Form: masculine, genitive, plural

• गन्धर्वाणाम्: of the gandharvas
• गन्धर्वाणाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: गन्धर्व
• Form: masculine, genitive, plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च
• Form: indeclinable (conjunction)

• गालव: O Galava
• Type: Noun
• Root: गालव
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

Speaker

युपर्ण उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Yūparṇa
• Gālava
• Rākṣasas
• Yakṣas
• Gandharvas
• Dhanada (Kubera)
• Mount Kailāsa
• Caitraratha-vana
• Vaikhānasa Ṛṣis
• Northern direction (Uttarā diś)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The passage emphasizes cosmic and social order: legitimate sovereignty is established through consecration (abhiṣeka), and even powerful non-human classes are placed under a recognized ruler (Kubera). It also links authority with sacred geography, suggesting that places like Kailāsa and Caitraratha embody an ordered, dharmic cosmos.

What is happening in the narrative?

Yūparṇa addresses Gālava and points out a northern sacred region: on Mount Kailāsa, Kubera was installed as overlord of the Rākṣasas, Yakṣas, and Gandharvas; nearby are the famed Caitraratha grove and the hermitage of Vaikhānasa sages.