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Shloka 10

Vāmadeva’s Rājadharma: Norm-Setting, Counsel, and the Prevention of Rāṣṭra-Vināśa (वामदेव-प्रोक्तं राजधर्मम्)

(अमाययैव वर्तेत न च सत्य॑ त्यजेद्‌ बुध: । दमं धर्म च शीलं च क्षत्रधर्म प्रजाहितम्‌ ।।) नापत्रपेत प्रश्नेषु नाविभाव्यां गिरं सृजेत्‌ । न त्वरेत न चासूयेत्‌ तथा संगृहा[ते पर:,विद्वान राजा छल-कपट छोड़कर ही बर्ताव करे। सत्यको कभी न छोड़े। इन्द्रिय-संयम, धर्माचरण, सुशीलता, क्षत्रियधर्म तथा प्रजाके हितका कभी परित्याग न करे। यदि कोई कुछ पूछे तो उसका उत्तर देनेमें संकोच न करे, बिना विचारे कोई बात मुँहसे न निकाले, किसी काममें जल्दबाजी न करे और किसीकी निन्दा न करे, ऐसा बर्ताव करनेसे शत्रु भी अपने वशमें हो जाता है

amāyayāiva varteta na ca satyaṃ tyajed budhaḥ | damaṃ dharmaṃ ca śīlaṃ ca kṣatradharmaṃ prajāhitam || nāpatrapet praśneṣu nāvibhāvyaṃ giraṃ sṛjet | na tvaret na cāsūyet tathā saṃgṛhṇāte paraḥ ||

พระราชาผู้มีปัญญาพึงประพฤติปราศจากเล่ห์กล และไม่ละทิ้งสัจจะเป็นอันขาด. พึงไม่ทอดทิ้งการข่มอินทรีย์ ธรรมจรรยา ความประพฤติดี ธรรมของกษัตริย์ และประโยชน์สุขของราษฎร. เมื่อถูกถามอย่าละอายที่จะตอบ; อย่าเปล่งวาจาโดยไม่ไตร่ตรอง; อย่าด่วนรีบ; และอย่ามัวติฉินนินทาผู้อื่น. ด้วยความประพฤติเช่นนี้ แม้ศัตรูก็ยังอยู่ในอำนาจอิทธิพล.

अमाययाwith guilelessness, without deceit
अमायया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअमाया
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
वर्तेतshould behave, should conduct oneself
वर्तेत:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Atmanepada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सत्यम्truth
सत्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
त्यजेत्should abandon, should give up
त्यजेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
बुधःa wise man
बुधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबुध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दमम्self-control, restraint
दमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्मम्dharma, righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शीलम्good conduct, character
शीलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशील
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्षत्रधर्मम्the duty of a kshatriya
क्षत्रधर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रजाहितम्the welfare of the subjects (people's good)
प्रजाहितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रजाहित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपत्रपेतshould feel ashamed / should hesitate
अपत्रपेत:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्रप्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Atmanepada
प्रश्नेषुin questions, when questioned
प्रश्नेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रश्न
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अविभाव्यwithout considering, without reflecting
अविभाव्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि-भू
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), अव- (negating sense here), वि-
गिरम्speech, a word
गिरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगिर्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
सृजेत्should utter, should let out
सृजेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसृज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
त्वरेतshould hurry, should act hastily
त्वरेत:
TypeVerb
Rootत्वर्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
असूयेतshould not envy / should not censure
असूयेत:
TypeVerb
Rootअसूय्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Atmanepada
तथाthus, in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
संगृह्णातिwins over, brings under control
संगृह्णाति:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-ग्रह्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
परःan enemy, the other (opponent)
परः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विद्वान्a learned/wise person
विद्वान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वामदेव उवाच

V
Vāmadeva

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s power is grounded in ethical discipline: be truthful and free of deceit, practice self-control and good character, prioritize the people’s welfare, and regulate speech—answer without embarrassment, speak only after reflection, avoid haste and malice. Such steadiness makes even adversaries manageable.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on governance and peace, the sage Vāmadeva lays down practical norms of rājadharma—how a king should behave, speak, and decide—linking personal virtue to political effectiveness, including the pacification of enemies.