Shloka 3
Devanagari script
उतथ्य उवाच धर्माय राजा भवति न कामकरणाय तु । मान्धातरिति जानीहि राजा लोकस्य रक्षिता
Transliteration
utathya uvāca | dharmāya rājā bhavati na kāmakaraṇāya tu | māndhātareti jānīhi rājā lokasya rakṣitā ||
Translation
อุทัถยะกล่าวว่า “โอ มานธาตฤ พระราชามีไว้เพื่อธรรม มิใช่เพื่อเสพกามสุข จงรู้เถิดว่า พระราชาเป็นผู้พิทักษ์โลก”
Word by Word
उतथ्यःUtathya (sage)
उतथ्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउतथ्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
धर्मायfor dharma / for righteousness
धर्माय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवतिis/comes to be
भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
कामकरणायfor the doing of desires / for indulgence in pleasures
कामकरणाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootकामकरण
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
मान्धातरिति"(O) Māndhātṛ" (thus, as a form of address)
मान्धातरिति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमान्धातृ + इति
जानीहिknow (you should know)
जानीहि:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लोकस्यof the world/people
लोकस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
रक्षिताprotector/guardian
रक्षिता:
TypeNoun
Rootरक्ष्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Agent noun (tṛc/तृच्): रक्षिता = protector
Speaker
उतथ्य उवाच
Characters & Entities
U
UtathyaM
MāndhātṛR
rājā (the king)L
loka (the world/people)D
dharmaK
kāmaCharacter Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
Kingship is a trust oriented toward dharma: the ruler’s purpose is to uphold righteousness and protect the people, not to use power for personal enjoyment.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on statecraft and ethics, the sage Utathya addresses King Māndhātṛ, reminding him that a king’s role is guardianship of the world through dharma rather than indulgence in kāma.