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Shloka 22

Vyavahāra-Śuddhi and Rājadharma: Clean Administration, Counsel, and Proportional Punishment

Chapter 86

राज्ञो वधं चिकीर्षेद्‌ यस्तस्य चित्रो वधो भवेत्‌ | आदीपकस्य स्तेनस्य वर्णसंकरिकस्य च,जो राजाका वध करनेकी इच्छा करे, जो गाँव या घरमें आग लगावे, चोरी करे अथवा व्यभिचारद्वारा वर्णसंकरता फैलानेका प्रयत्न करे, ऐसे अपराधीका वध अनेक प्रकारसे करना चाहिये

bhīṣma uvāca | rājño vadhaṃ cikīrṣed yas tasya citro vadho bhavet | ādīpakasya stenasya varṇasaṅkarikasya ca |

ผู้ใดคิดประหารพระราชา การประหารผู้นั้นพึงกระทำให้เด่นชัดและเป็นอุทาหรณ์. เช่นเดียวกัน ผู้วางเพลิง โจร และผู้ก่อความปั่นป่วนแห่งระเบียบสังคมด้วยการประพฤติผิดจนเกิดความปะปนแห่งวรรณะ—คนเหล่านี้เป็นผู้กระทำผิดที่มีบัญญัติให้ประหารได้หลายวิธี เพื่อคุ้มครองแว่นแคว้นและธำรงธรรม

राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वधम्killing, slaying
वधम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चिकीर्षेत्should wish/intend to do
चिकीर्षेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्यof him/for him
तस्य:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
चित्रःvaried, manifold
चित्रः:
TypeAdjective
Rootचित्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वधःkilling, punishment by death
वधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would/should be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
आदीपकस्यof an arsonist (one who sets fire)
आदीपकस्य:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootआदीपक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
स्तेनस्यof a thief
स्तेनस्य:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootस्तेन
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वर्णसंकरिकस्यof one who causes varna-mixture (promoter of social intermixture)
वर्णसंकरिकस्य:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्णसंकरिक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)

Educational Q&A

In rājadharma, certain acts—attempting to kill the king, arson, theft, and conduct that destabilizes social order (varṇa-saṅkara)—are treated as grave threats to the realm; therefore, the punishment is prescribed as severe and exemplary to deter harm and protect dharma.

During Bhishma’s instruction on governance and law in the Śānti Parva, he lists categories of major offenders and states that those who endanger the king and public safety merit conspicuous, deterrent punishment.