Shloka 78

जो सदा सत्पुरुषोंकी रक्षा करे तथा दुष्टोंको दण्ड देकर दुष्कर्म करनेसे रोके, उसे ही राजा बनाना चाहिये; क्योंकि उसीके द्वारा यह सम्पूर्ण जगत्‌ सुरक्षित होता है ।। इति श्रीमहा भारते शान्तिपर्वणि राजधर्मानुशासनपर्वणि अष्टसप्ततितमो< ध्याय: ।। ७८ || इस प्रकार श्रीमह्ाभारत शान्तिपर्वके अन्तर्गत राजधर्मानुशासनपर्वरें अठद्वत्तरवाँ अध्याय पूरा हुआ

yo sadā satpuruṣāṇāṁ rakṣāṁ kuryāt tathā duṣṭān daṇḍayitvā duṣkṛtaṁ kartuṁ nivārayet, tam eva rājānaṁ kartavyaṁ; yatas tasyaiva dvārā idaṁ samastaṁ jagat surakṣitaṁ bhavati.

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “พึงสถาปนาเป็นกษัตริย์ผู้ที่คุ้มครองสัตบุรุษอยู่เสมอ และลงโทษคนชั่วเพื่อยับยั้งจากการกระทำชั่ว; เพราะด้วยผู้ปกครองเช่นนั้น โลกทั้งปวงจึงดำรงอยู่โดยสวัสดิภาพ”

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
सत्of the good
सत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
पुरुषानाम्of men/persons
पुरुषानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
रक्षाम्protection
रक्षाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
करोतिdoes / provides
करोति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तथाand likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
दुष्टान्the wicked (people)
दुष्टान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुष्ट
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
दण्डेनby punishment
दण्डेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
दण्डयित्वाhaving punished
दण्डयित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदण्डय् (दण्ड + णिच्)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Active
दुष्कर्मevil deed
दुष्कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुष्कर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कर्तुम्to do
कर्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
निवारयेत्should restrain/prevent
निवारयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-वारय् (वृ + णिच्)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
राजानम्as king / the king
राजानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुर्यात्should make
कुर्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
हिfor/because
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
तस्यof him
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
द्वाराthrough (as a means)
द्वारा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootद्वार
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सम्पूर्णम्entire/complete
सम्पूर्णम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्पूर्ण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
जगत्world
जगत्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजगत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सुरक्षितम्well-protected
सुरक्षितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-रक्षित
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
भवतिbecomes/is
भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājā (the king/ruler)
S
satpuruṣāḥ (the virtuous)
D
duṣṭāḥ (the wicked)
J
jagat (the world)

Educational Q&A

A legitimate king is defined by two complementary duties: protecting the virtuous and using lawful punishment (daṇḍa) to deter the wicked from wrongdoing. Public security and moral order depend on this balanced exercise of protection and restraint.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on royal duty (rājadharma), Bhīṣma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on the qualifications and responsibilities of a ruler, concluding that the world’s safety rests on a king who safeguards the good and disciplines the bad.