Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 33

आपद्धर्मे वैश्यवृत्तिः, विक्रय-निषेधाः, तथा ब्रह्म-क्षत्र-सम्बन्धः

Emergency Livelihood, Prohibited Trade, and Brahman–Kshatra Regulation

मैत्रा: क्रूराणि कुर्वन्तो जयन्ति स्वर्गमुत्तमम्‌ । धर्म्या: पापानि कुर्वाणा गच्छन्ति परमां गतिम्‌,सबके प्रति मैत्रीका भाव रखनेवाले मनुष्य भी (दूसरोंकी रक्षाके लिये किसी दुष्टके प्रति) क्रूरतापूर्ण बर्ताव करके उत्तम स्वर्गलोकपर अधिकार प्राप्त कर लेते हैं तथा धर्मात्मा पुरुष किसीकी रक्षाके लिये पाप (हिंसा आदि) करते हुए भी परम गतिको प्राप्त हो जाते हैं

maitrāḥ krūrāṇi kurvanto jayanti svargam uttamam | dharmyāḥ pāpāni kurvāṇā gacchanti paramāṃ gatim ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า—ผู้มีไมตรีต่อสรรพสัตว์ทั้งปวง แม้จำต้องแสดงความแข็งกร้าวต่อคนชั่วเพื่อคุ้มครองผู้อื่น ก็ยังได้ชัยเหนือสวรรค์อันประเสริฐยิ่ง และบัณฑิตผู้ตั้งมั่นในธรรม แม้กระทำการที่ดูประหนึ่งบาป เช่น การใช้กำลัง เพื่อพิทักษ์ผู้คน ก็ย่อมบรรลุคติอันสูงสุด

मैत्राःfriendly (persons)
मैत्राः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमैत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
क्रूराणिcruel (acts)
क्रूराणि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रूर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
कुर्वन्तःdoing, performing
कुर्वन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formशतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Parasmaipada (active participle)
जयन्तिwin, attain
जयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootजि (धातु)
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
स्वर्गम्heaven
स्वर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उत्तमम्highest, excellent
उत्तमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्म्याःrighteous (persons)
धर्म्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्म्य (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पापानिsins, wrongful acts
पापानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाप (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
कुर्वाणाःdoing, committing
कुर्वाणाः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formशानच् (वर्तमान कृदन्त, आत्मनेपदीय-प्रयोग), Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Atmanepada (middle participle)
गच्छन्तिgo, attain
गच्छन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु)
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
परमाम्supreme
परमाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गतिम्goal, final state
गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Moral evaluation depends on intention and purpose: a person grounded in friendliness and righteousness may employ harsh or even seemingly sinful means when the aim is protection of others; such protective action, not motivated by hatred or selfishness, can still lead to the highest good.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma after the war. Here he explains a nuanced principle for rulers and righteous people: maintaining benevolence toward all, one may still punish or use force against the wicked to defend the vulnerable, without losing spiritual merit.