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Shloka 4

Brāhmaṇa-bheda-nirṇaya and Rājā’s Regulatory Duties (ब्राह्मणभेदनिर्णयः)

जन्मकर्मविहीना ये कदर्या ब्रह्म॒बन्धव: । एते शूद्रसमा राजन ब्राह्मणानां भवन्त्युत,राजन्‌! जो अपने जातीय कर्मसे हीन हो कुत्सित कर्मोमें लगकर ब्राह्मणत्वसे भ्रष्ट हो चुके हैं, ऐसे लोग ब्राह्मणोंमें शूद्रके तुल्य होते हैं

janma-karmavihīnā ye kadaryā brahma-bandhavaḥ | ete śūdra-samā rājan brāhmaṇānāṁ bhavanty uta ||

ข้าแต่พระราชา ผู้ใดไร้หน้าที่อันควรแก่ชาติกำเนิดและความประพฤติ เป็นคนต่ำทรามเลี้ยงชีพด้วยการงานอันน่ารังเกียจ—พราหมณ์เพียงนามหรือ ‘ญาติพราหมณ์’ ผู้เสื่อมจากพราหมณ์ธรรมแท้ ย่อมถูกนับในหมู่พราหมณ์ว่าเสมอด้วยศูทร

जन्मकर्मविहीनाःdevoid of birth-(based) duties/rites
जन्मकर्मविहीनाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजन्मकर्मविहीन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
येwho
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कदर्याःbase, miserly, vile
कदर्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकदर्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ब्रह्मबन्धवःBrahmin in name only (kinsman of Brahmins)
ब्रह्मबन्धवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मबन्धु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शूद्रसमाःequal to a Śūdra
शूद्रसमाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशूद्रसम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
ब्राह्मणानाम्of Brahmins
ब्राह्मणानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
भवन्तिbecome/are
भवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
उतindeed/also
उत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira

Educational Q&A

Status as a ‘Brahmin’ is not upheld by birth-label alone; it is validated by adherence to the duties and ethical conduct appropriate to that station. When one abandons those duties and engages in blameworthy acts, one is treated—within the moral-social framework of the text—as equivalent to a Shudra.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma addresses King Yudhishthira and explains criteria for evaluating people within the varna framework, emphasizing conduct and duty as the measure, and describing the category ‘brahma-bandhu’ for those who have fallen from Brahmin standards.