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Shloka 4

राजधर्मः—प्रजापालनं दानयज्ञश्च

Royal Duty—Protection of Subjects, Generosity, and Sacrificial Discipline

राज्ञा हि पूजितो धर्मस्तत: सर्वत्र पूज्यते । यद्‌ यदाचरते राजा तत्‌ प्रजानां सम रोचते

rājñā hi pūjito dharmas tataḥ sarvatra pūjyate | yad yad ācarate rājā tat prajānāṃ sama rocate ||

เมื่อกษัตริย์ยกย่องธรรม ธรรมนั้นย่อมเป็นที่ยกย่องไปทั่วทุกแห่ง เพราะกษัตริย์ประพฤติสิ่งใด ปวงประชาย่อมเห็นว่าสิ่งนั้นน่าพอใจและควรเอาอย่าง

राज्ञाby the king
राज्ञा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
पूजितःhonoured/worshipped
पूजितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपूजित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma/righteous conduct
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ततःthereafter/therefrom
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
सर्वत्रeverywhere
सर्वत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वत्र
पूज्यतेis honoured
पूज्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootपूज्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
यत्whatever (relative)
यत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद्
यत्whatever (repeated for emphasis)
यत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद्
आचरतेpractises/does
आचरते:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-चर्
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्that (same thing)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
प्रजानाम्of the subjects/people
प्रजानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
समम्equally/just so
समम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम
रोचतेpleases/seems good
रोचते:
TypeVerb
Rootरुच्
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (rājā)
S
Subjects/people (prajā)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s personal reverence and practice of dharma sets the standard for society: when the king honors dharma, it gains authority everywhere, and the people naturally imitate the king’s conduct.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on governance and righteousness, Bhishma advises the listener on rajadharma, emphasizing that the king’s behavior shapes public values and actions.