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Shloka 5

Rājapurohita-lakṣaṇa and Purūravas–Vāyu Saṃvāda

Varṇa, Sovereignty, and Abhaya-dāna

वर्णानां परिचर्यार्थ त्रयाणां भरतर्षभ | वर्णश्तुर्थ: पश्चात्‌ तु पद्धयां शूद्रो विनिर्मित:,भरतश्रेष्ठ इसके बाद इन तीनों वर्णोकी सेवाके लिये ब्रह्माजीके दोनों पैरोंसे चौथे वर्ण शूद्रकी रचना हुई

varṇānāṃ paricaryārthaṃ trayāṇāṃ bharatarṣabha | varṇaś caturthaḥ paścāt tu pādābhyāṃ śūdro vinirmitaḥ ||

ข้าแต่ผู้ประเสริฐแห่งวงศ์ภารตะ ต่อมาภายหลัง เพื่อการปรนนิบัติรับใช้สามวรรณะนั้น วรรณะที่สี่คือศูทร จึงถูกสร้างขึ้นจากพระบาททั้งสอง (ของพรหมา)

वर्णानाम्of the varnas (classes)
वर्णानाम्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
परिचर्यार्थम्for the purpose of service
परिचर्यार्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपरिचर्यार्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
त्रयाणाम्of the three
त्रयाणाम्:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरतर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
वर्णःthe class (varna)
वर्णः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
चतुर्थःthe fourth
चतुर्थः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पश्चात्afterwards
पश्चात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपश्चात्
तुindeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
पादाभ्याम्by (his) two feet
पादाभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपाद
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Dual
शूद्रःthe Shudra
शूद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विनिर्मितःwas created/formed
विनिर्मितः:
TypeVerb
Rootविनिर्मित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past (PPP), Passive (PPP agrees with subject)
भरतश्रेष्ठO best of the Bharatas
भरतश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरतश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

पुरूरवा उवाच

P
Purūravas
B
Bharata (lineage addressed as Bharatarṣabha)
B
Brahmā
Ś
Śūdra
V
Varṇas (three and the fourth)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a normative model of social duty: the fourth varṇa (Śūdra) is described as created for the service (paricaryā) of the other three, grounding social roles in a cosmogonic account and linking ethics to prescribed function and support.

Purūravas is speaking to a Bharata interlocutor, explaining an origin account of the varṇas: after the three varṇas, the Śūdra is said to have been created later from Brahmā’s feet, specifically to serve the others.