Shloka 16

राजा चेन्न भवेल्लोके पृथिव्यां दण्डधारक: । जले मत्स्यानिवाभक्ष्यन्‌ दुर्बलं बलवत्तरा:,यदि इस जगत्‌में भूतलपर दण्डधारी राजा न हो तो जैसे जलमें बड़ी मछलियाँ छोटी मछलियोंको खा जाती हैं, उसी प्रकार प्रबल मनुष्य दुर्बलोंको लूट खायँ

rājā cen na bhavel loke pṛthivyāṃ daṇḍadhārakaḥ | jale matsyān ivābhakṣyan durbalaṃ balavattarāḥ ||

หากในโลกนี้บนแผ่นดินไม่มีพระราชาผู้ทรงถือทัณฑ์ลงโทษแล้ว ก็จะเป็นดุจในสายน้ำที่ปลาตัวใหญ่กลืนกินปลาตัวเล็ก ฉันใด คนมีกำลังก็จักย่ำยีและปล้นสะดมผู้อ่อนแอฉันนั้น

राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चेत्if
चेत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचेत्
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भवेत्would be / should exist
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पृथिव्याम्on the earth
पृथिव्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
दण्डधारकःwielder of the rod (punisher/ruler)
दण्डधारकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्डधारक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जलेin water
जले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजल
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
मत्स्यान्fish
मत्स्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अभक्ष्यन्would eat / ate
अभक्ष्यन्:
TypeVerb
Rootभक्ष्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
दुर्बलम्the weak (person)
दुर्बलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्बल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बलवत्तराःthe stronger (people)
बलवत्तराः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबलवत्-तर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājā (king)
D
daṇḍa (rod of punishment/law)
M
matsya (fish)
J
jala (water)
P
pṛthivī (earth)

Educational Q&A

Without a lawful ruler who wields daṇḍa (punitive authority), society collapses into ‘matsya-nyāya’—the rule where the strong consume the weak. Just punishment is presented as a dharmic necessity to restrain exploitation and protect the vulnerable.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma explains to the listener that kingship is not merely privilege but a protective duty: the king must enforce law so that the strong do not oppress the weak, illustrated through the image of bigger fish devouring smaller fish.