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Shloka 1

Cāturāśramya-dharma—Marks of the Four Āśramas (चातुराश्रम्यधर्मः)

अफड---रू- पज्चषष्टितमो< ध्याय: इन्द्ररूपधारी विष्णु और मान्धाताका संवाद इन्द्र उवाच एवंवीर्य: सर्वधर्मोपपन्न: क्षात्र: श्रेष्ठ: सर्वधर्मेषु धर्म: । पाल्यो युष्माभिलोंकहितैरुदारै- विंपर्यये स्पादभव: प्रजानाम्‌

indra uvāca | evaṁvīryaḥ sarvadharmopapannaḥ kṣātraḥ śreṣṭhaḥ sarvadharmeṣu dharmaḥ | pālyo yuṣmābhir lokahitair udārair viparyaye syād abhavaḥ prajānām ||

พระอินทร์ตรัสว่า “ข้าแต่พระราชา! ดังนี้แล กษาตรธรรมเป็นธรรมอันประเสริฐสุดในบรรดาธรรมทั้งปวง และทรงพลังยิ่ง ทั้งยังประกอบพร้อมด้วยคุณธรรมเกื้อหนุนทุกประการ เพราะฉะนั้น บุรุษผู้สูงส่งเช่นพระองค์ ผู้มุ่งประโยชน์สุขของโลก พึงทรงธำรงกษาตรธรรมนี้ไว้เสมอ หากกลับตาลปัตรหรือทอดทิ้งเสียแล้ว ประชาราษฎร์จักถึงความพินาศ”

इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
वीर्यःpower, strength
वीर्यः:
TypeNoun
Rootवीर्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सर्वधर्मोपपन्नःendowed with all dharmas
सर्वधर्मोपपन्नः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वधर्मोपपन्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षात्रःthe kshatriya (duty/order)
क्षात्रः:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षात्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्रेष्ठःbest, foremost
श्रेष्ठः:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वधर्मेषुamong all dharmas
सर्वधर्मेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
धर्मःdharma, duty
धर्मः:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पाल्यःto be protected/observed
पाल्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपाल्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
युष्माभिःby you (pl.)
युष्माभिः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Instrumental, Plural
लोकहितैःbeneficial to the world
लोकहितैः:
TypeAdjective
Rootलोकहित
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
उदारैःnoble, generous
उदारैः:
TypeAdjective
Rootउदार
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
विपर्ययेin the opposite case, otherwise
विपर्यये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविपर्यय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
स्यात्would be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, Third, Singular
अभावःnon-existence, destruction
अभावः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअभाव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजानाम्of the subjects/people
प्रजानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural

इन्द्र उवाच

I
Indra
A
a king (rājan)
P
prajā (the subjects/people)
K
kṣātra-dharma

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that kṣātra-dharma (royal/warrior duty) is foremost because it safeguards social order: a ruler must actively uphold protection, justice, and public welfare; neglect of this duty leads to the ruin of the people.

Indra addresses a king, urging him to maintain kṣātra-dharma for the sake of lokahita (public good). The statement frames kingship as a moral responsibility: when royal duty is inverted or abandoned, the subjects suffer destruction.