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Shloka 21

Kṣātra-Dharma, Daṇḍanīti, and Social Order

Indra–Māndhātṛ Dialogue

इन्द्र उवाच असैनिका धर्मपराश्ष धर्मे परां गति न नयन्ते हायुक्तम्‌ क्षात्रो धर्मो ह्यादिदेवात्‌ प्रवृत्तः पश्चादन्ये शेषभूताश्च धर्मा:,इन्द्र बोले--राजन्‌! आदिदेव भगवान्‌ विष्णुसे तो पहले राजधर्म ही प्रवृत्त हुआ है। अन्य सभी धर्म उसीके अंग हैं और उसके बाद प्रकट हुए हैं। जो सैनिक शक्तिसे सम्पन्न राजा नहीं हैं, वे धर्मपरायण होनेपर भी दूसरोंको अनायास ही धर्मविषयक परम गतिकी प्राप्ति नहीं करा सकते

indra uvāca | asainikā dharmaparāś ca dharme parāṃ gatiṃ na nayanti hy ayuktam | kṣātro dharmo hy ādidevāt pravṛttaḥ paścād anye śeṣabhūtāś ca dharmāḥ ||

อินทร์ตรัสว่า “ข้าแต่พระราชา ไม่สมควรคิดว่าเจ้าแผ่นดินผู้ไร้กองทัพ แม้ตั้งมั่นในธรรม ก็จะนำผู้อื่นไปสู่คติสูงสุดด้วยธรรมได้โดยง่าย เพราะจากเทพปฐม—พระวิษณุ—ธรรมที่เกิดขึ้นก่อนคือกษัตริยธรรม (ราชธรรม) ส่วนธรรมอื่นทั้งปวงเป็นเพียงอวัยวะของธรรมนั้น และปรากฏภายหลัง”

इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular
असैनिकाःwithout an army
असैनिकाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअसैनिक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
धर्मपराःdevoted to dharma
धर्मपराः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
धर्मेin dharma / with regard to dharma
धर्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पराम्highest
पराम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गतिम्goal, course, attainment
गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नयन्तेlead (others), cause to attain
नयन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootनी
FormPresent, 3, Plural, Atmanepada
indeed
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अयुक्तम्improper, not fitting
अयुक्तम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअयुक्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
क्षात्रःroyal, kshatriya-related
क्षात्रः:
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षात्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma (duty/law)
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिfor, indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
आदिदेवात्from the primeval god
आदिदेवात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootआदिदेव
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
प्रवृत्तःoriginated, came forth
प्रवृत्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रवृत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
पश्चात्afterwards
पश्चात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपश्चात्
अन्येother
अन्ये:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शेषभूताःremaining (as parts)
शेषभूताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशेषभूत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
धर्माःduties/laws (dharmas)
धर्माः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

इन्द्र उवाच

I
Indra
K
King (addressed interlocutor)
Ā
Ādideva (Primordial Deity; identified in the given prose as Viṣṇu)

Educational Q&A

Indra teaches that personal piety alone is insufficient for a king’s public responsibility: without the power to protect (symbolized by an army), a ruler cannot reliably guide or secure others’ welfare and highest good. Rajadharma—protective governance—is presented as foundational, with other dharmas functioning as its dependent limbs.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and governance, Indra addresses a king and argues for the primacy of royal duty. He frames kingship as divinely instituted and emphasizes that effective protection and enforcement are necessary for dharma to flourish among the people.