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Shloka 1

Kṣātra-dharma as the Public Foundation of Dharma (क्षात्रधर्म-प्रशंसा)

भीष्मजी कहते हैं--राजन्‌! धनुषकी डोरी खींचना, शत्रुओंको उखाड़ फेंकना, खेती, व्यापार और पशुपालन करना अथवा धनके उद्देश्यसे दूसरोंकी सेवा करना--ये ब्राह्मणके लिये अत्यन्त निषिद्ध कर्म हैं

bhīṣma uvāca—rājan! dhanuṣo dorīṃ ākarṣitum, śatrūn unmūlayitum, kṛṣiṃ vyāpāraṃ ca paśupālanaṃ vā kartum, athavā dhana-hetor anyeṣāṃ sevāṃ kartum—etāni brāhmaṇasya atyanta-niṣiddha-karmāṇi.

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “ข้าแต่พระราชา สำหรับพราหมณ์แล้ว การดึงสายธนู การถอนรากถอนโคนศัตรูด้วยความรุนแรง การทำกสิกรรม การค้าขาย การเลี้ยงโคกระบือ หรือการรับใช้ผู้อื่นเพื่อมุ่งทรัพย์—ล้วนเป็นกิจที่ต้องห้ามอย่างเคร่งครัด”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
धनुषःof a bow
धनुषः:
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
डोरीstring (cord)
डोरी:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootडोरी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
खींचनम्pulling/drawing
खींचनम्:
TypeNoun
Rootखींच्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
शत्रून्enemies
शत्रून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
उखाड़uproot (to tear out)
उखाड़:
TypeVerb
Rootउखाड़्
FormImperative/Infinitival usage (Hindi form)
फेंकनम्throwing/casting away
फेंकनम्:
TypeNoun
Rootफेंक्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कृषिःagriculture
कृषिः:
TypeNoun
Rootकृषि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
व्यापारःtrade/business
व्यापारः:
TypeNoun
Rootव्यापार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पशुपालनम्cattle-rearing (animal husbandry)
पशुपालनम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपशु-पालन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अथवाor
अथवा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथवा
धनस्यof wealth
धनस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
उद्देश्येनfor the purpose (with the aim)
उद्देश्येन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootउद्देश्य
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
दूसरान्others
दूसरान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदूसर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सेवनम्service
सेवनम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसेव्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ब्राह्मणस्यfor a Brahmin / of a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अत्यन्तम्exceedingly
अत्यन्तम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्यन्त
निषिद्धाःforbidden
निषिद्धाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनिषिद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कर्माणिacts/deeds
कर्माणि:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
सन्तिare
सन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
Rājan (the King—Yudhiṣṭhira)
D
dhanuṣ (bow)
D
dorī (bowstring)
Ś
śatru (enemies)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma delineates varṇa-based boundaries: a Brahmin should avoid violent, martial acts and wealth-driven service, and should not adopt livelihoods associated with Kṣatriya or Vaiśya roles (warfare, farming, trade, cattle-rearing). The emphasis is on preserving the ethical and vocational integrity of Brahmin dharma.

In the Śānti Parva dialogue, Bhishma instructs the king on dharma. Here he addresses the proper conduct and prohibited occupations for Brahmins, contrasting them with duties appropriate to other social roles, as part of broader guidance on righteous governance and social order.