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Shloka 39

राजधर्मप्रश्नः — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry into Rājadharma (Śānti-parva 56)

क्षममाण्ं नृपं नित्यं नीच: परिभवेज्जन: । हस्तियन्ता गजस्यैव शिर एवारुरुक्षति,“नीच मनुष्य क्षमाशील राजाका सदा उसी प्रकार तिरस्कार करते रहते हैं, जैसे हाथीका महावत उसके सिरपर ही चढ़े रहना चाहता है”

kṣamamāṇaṃ nṛpaṃ nityaṃ nīcaḥ paribhavej janaḥ | hastiyantā gajasyaiva śira evārurukṣati ||

เมื่อพระราชาทรงอดกลั้นอยู่เนืองนิตย์ คนชั่วช้าก็ย่อมดูหมิ่นและล่วงเกินซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่า ดุจควาญช้างที่คุมช้างแล้วพยายามปีนขึ้นไปนั่งบนศีรษะของมัน ฉันใด คนใจต่ำก็ย่อมขึ้นคร่อมผู้ปกครองผู้มีขันติฉันนั้น

क्षममाणम्forbearing, enduring
क्षममाणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षम (धातु) → क्षममाण (शतृ-प्रत्यय, वर्तमान कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नृपम्king
नृपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
Formtrue
नीचःa low (base) person
नीचः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनीच
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परिभवेत्would insult / would disrespect
परिभवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + भू (धातु)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
जनःpeople / a person
जनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हस्तियन्ताelephant-driver (mahout)
हस्तियन्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहस्ति + यन्तृ (यन्तृ = चालक/नियन्तृ)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गजस्यof the elephant
गजस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootगज
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formtrue
शिरःhead
शिरः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशिरस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवonly / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formtrue
आरुरुक्षतिwants to climb / attempts to mount
आरुरुक्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootआ + रुह् (धातु)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
N
nṛpa (king)
N
nīca jana (base people)
G
gaja (elephant)
H
hastiyantā (mahout)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma warns that unchecked forbearance in a ruler can invite contempt from the ignoble; patience must be balanced with timely discipline so that authority and dharma are not undermined.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma advises the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) using a vivid simile: low people keep pressing upon a constantly tolerant ruler, like a mahout repeatedly climbing onto an elephant’s head.