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Shloka 40

अध्याय ३५१ — उञ्छवृत्ति-व्रतसिद्धेः मानुषस्य परमगतिः

Sūrya–Nāga Dialogue on the Perfected Gleaner-Ascetic

भूतभव्यभविष्यज्ञ: सत्यवादी दृढव्रत: । तमुवाच नत मूर्ध्ना देवानामादिरव्यय:,“वे अपान्तरतमा भूत, वर्तमान और भविष्यके ज्ञाता, सत्यवादी तथा दृढ़तापूर्वक व्रतका पालन करनेवाले थे। मस्तक झुकाकर खड़े हुए उस पुत्रसे देवताओंके आदिकारण अविनाशी श्रीहरिने कहा--

bhūtabhavyabhaviṣyajñaḥ satyavādī dṛḍhavrataḥ | tam uvāca nata-mūrdhnā devānām ādir avyayaḥ ||

เขาเป็นผู้รู้สิ่งที่ล่วงแล้ว สิ่งที่กำลังเป็นและจักเป็น เป็นผู้กล่าวสัจจะและมั่นคงในปณิธาน ครั้นแล้วพระหริผู้ไม่เสื่อมสูญ อันเป็นปฐมเหตุแห่งเหล่าเทวะ ได้ตรัสแก่บุตรนั้นผู้ยืนก้มเศียรด้วยความเคารพ

भूतभव्यभविष्यज्ञःknower of past, present, and future
भूतभव्यभविष्यज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभूत-भव्य-भविष्य-ज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सत्यवादीtruth-speaking
सत्यवादी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्यवादिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दृढव्रतःfirm in vows
दृढव्रतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदृढव्रत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
नतमूर्ध्नाwith bowed head
नतमूर्ध्ना:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootनत-मूर्धन्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
देवानाम्of the gods
देवानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
आदिःthe origin/first cause
आदिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआदि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अव्ययःimperishable
अव्ययः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
H
Hari (Viṣṇu)
T
the gods (devas)
T
the son (putra; contextually Apāntaratamas)

Educational Q&A

The verse elevates ethical integrity—truthfulness (satya) and steadfast commitment to vows (vrata)—as marks of spiritual authority, and frames genuine knowledge as spanning time (past, unfolding present, and future), culminating in reverent receptivity to divine instruction.

Vaiśampāyana describes a venerable figure (identified in context as Apāntaratamas) as omniscient across time and unwavering in truth and vows. Standing with bowed head, he is then addressed by the imperishable Lord Hari, presented as the primal source of the gods.