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Shloka 9

अश्वशिरो-आख्यानम्

Aśvaśiras / Hayaśiras Narrative: Retrieval of the Vedas

कृते युगे महाराज पुरा स्वायम्भुवे<न्तरे । नरो नारायणश्चैव हरि: कृष्ण: स्वयम्भुव:,महाराज! स्वायम्भुव मन्वन्तरके सत्ययुगमें उन स्वयम्भू भगवान्‌ वासुदेवके चार अवतार हुए थे, जिनके नाम इस प्रकार हैं--नर, नारायण, हरि और कृष्ण

kṛte yuge mahārāja purā svāyambhuve ’ntare | naro nārāyaṇaś caiva hariḥ kṛṣṇaḥ svayambhuvaḥ ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “ข้าแต่มหาราช ในกฤตยุค กาลก่อน ณ สวายัมภูวมนวันตระ พระผู้เป็นเจ้าองค์อุบัติด้วยตนเอง คือพระวาสุเทวะ ได้ปรากฏเป็นสี่ภาคอันเลื่องลือ—นร นารายณะ หริ และกฤษณะ—เพื่อสถาปนาและพิทักษ์ธรรมะ”

कृतेin the Kṛta (Satya) age
कृते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकृत (युग-विशेषे)
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
युगेin the age
युगे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुग
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
पुराformerly, in ancient times
पुरा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
स्वायम्भुवेin the Svāyambhuva (Manu-period)
स्वायम्भुवे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वायम्भुव
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अन्तरेin the interval/period (i.e., manvantara)
अन्तरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तर
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
नरःNara
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नारायणःNārāyaṇa
नारायणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनारायण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed, also
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
हरिःHari
हरिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहरि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृष्णःKṛṣṇa
कृष्णः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वयम्भुवःSvayambhū (self-existent; epithet/name)
स्वयम्भुवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वयम्भुव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
M
Mahārāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)
K
Kṛta Yuga (Satya Yuga)
S
Svāyambhuva Manvantara
N
Nara
N
Nārāyaṇa
H
Hari
K
Kṛṣṇa
S
Svayambhū (the Self-born Lord)

Educational Q&A

The verse situates dharma within cosmic history: in the earliest age (Kṛta Yuga) the Self-born Lord is remembered as manifesting in revered forms (Nara, Nārāyaṇa, Hari, Kṛṣṇa), implying that divine presence and guidance underpin the establishment and safeguarding of righteousness across epochs.

Bhīṣma, instructing Yudhiṣṭhira in the Śānti Parva, recalls an ancient time-frame (Svāyambhuva Manvantara in Kṛta Yuga) and names four divine manifestations, setting up a broader discourse on sacred history, virtue, and the Lord’s role in sustaining order.