Shloka 160

यश्न राजा महोत्साह: क्षत्रधर्मे रतो भवेत्‌ | स तुष्येद्‌ दशभागेन ततस्त्वन्यो दशावरै:,जो राजा महान्‌ उत्साही और क्षत्रिय-धर्ममें तत्पर होता है, वह “कर' के रूपमें प्रजाकी आयका दसवाँ भाग लेकर संतुष्ट हो जाता है तथा उससे भिन्न साधारण भूपाल दसवें भागसे कम लेकर भी संतोष कर लेते हैं

yaśn rājā mahotsāhaḥ kṣatradharme rato bhavet | sa tuṣyed daśabhāgena tatas tv anyo daśāvaraiḥ ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “พระราชาผู้เปี่ยมมหาอุตสาหะและตั้งมั่นในธรรมแห่งกษัตริย์ พึงพอใจเพียงเก็บภาษีหนึ่งในสิบจากรายได้ของราษฎร ส่วนผู้ปกครองสามัญควรยิ่งพอใจด้วยส่วนที่น้อยกว่าหนึ่งในสิบ”

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महोत्साहःof great energy/enterprise
महोत्साहः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहोत्साह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रधर्मेin the kshatriya-duty
क्षत्रधर्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
रतःengaged/devoted
रतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्should be / would be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुष्येत्should be satisfied
तुष्येत्:
TypeVerb
Rootतुष्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
दशभागेनwith/by a tenth part
दशभागेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदशभाग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
ततःthen/thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
अन्यःanother (one)
अन्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दशावरैःwith less than a tenth (shares)
दशावरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदशावर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
S
subjects/people (implied: prajā)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must practice restraint in taxation: even a capable, dharma-abiding king should be content with a tenth share, and lesser rulers should take still less. Legitimate kingship is tied to protection and dharma, not extraction.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on proper governance, specifically setting a moral limit on how much revenue a king should take from his subjects.