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Shloka 41

अव्यक्त-गुण-पुरुषविवेकः | Avyakta, Guṇas, and Discrimination of Puruṣa

निरयाच्चापि मानुष्यं कालेनैष्याम्यहं पुन: । मनुष्यत्वाच्च देवत्वं देवत्वात्‌ पौरुषं पुन:,नरकसे दीर्घकालके बाद छुटकारा मिलनेपर मैं पुनः मनुष्यलोकमें जन्म लूँगा। मानवयोनिसे पुण्यके फलस्वरूप देवयोनिमें जाऊँगा और वहाँसे पुण्य-क्षीण होनेपर पुनः मानव-शरीरमें जन्म लूँगा

nirayāc cāpi mānuṣyaṁ kālenaiṣyāmy ahaṁ punaḥ | manuṣyatvāc ca devatvaṁ devatvāt pauruṣaṁ punaḥ ||

แม้จากนรก ครั้นกาลล่วงไป เราก็จักกลับมาสู่กำเนิดมนุษย์อีกครั้ง. จากความเป็นมนุษย์ ด้วยผลแห่งบุญย่อมบรรลุภาวะแห่งเทวดา; และจากความเป็นเทวดา เมื่อบุญนั้นสิ้นลง ก็ต้องกลับมาเกิดเป็นมนุษย์อีก

निरयात्from hell
निरयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootनिरय
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
मानुष्यंhuman state/condition (human birth)
मानुष्यं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमानुष्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कालेनin due course/with time
कालेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
एष्यामिI shall go/attain
एष्यामि:
TypeVerb
Rootइ (एष्य- भविष्यत्)
FormFuture (Simple Future/लृट्), First, Singular, Parasmaipada
अहंI
अहं:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
FormNominative, Singular
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
मनुष्यत्वात्from human-ness/from human birth
मनुष्यत्वात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्यत्व
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
देवत्वंgodhood/divine state
देवत्वं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेवत्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
देवत्वात्from godhood/from the divine state
देवत्वात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदेवत्व
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
पौरुषंmanhood/human state
पौरुषं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपौरुष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha
N
Niraya (Naraka/hell)
M
Manuṣya-loka (implied human realm)
D
Deva-loka (implied realm of the gods)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches the cyclical movement of beings through realms according to karma: suffering states like hell are not eternal; merit can elevate one to divine realms, but even heaven is temporary—when merit is exhausted, one returns to human birth. Ethical effort in human life is therefore crucial.

Vasiṣṭha is explaining the post-mortem trajectory of the self: after experiencing the results of wrongdoing in niraya, one returns to human life; through righteous conduct and accumulated merit one may reach deva-status; and after the depletion of that merit, one is reborn again among humans.