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Shloka 42

Adhyāya 302: Guṇa-vicāra, Gati-bheda, and the Imperishable State

Yājñavalkya–Janaka

एवमेष महानात्मा सर्गप्रलयकोविद: । विकुर्वाण: प्रकृतिमानभिमन्यत्यबुद्धिमान्‌,इस प्रकार सृष्टि और प्रलयके तत्त्वको जाननेवाला यह महान्‌ आत्मा अविकारी होकर भी प्रकृतिके संसर्गसे युक्त हो विकारवान्‌-सा हो जाता है एवं प्राकृत-बुद्धिसे रहित होनेपर भी शरीरमें आत्माभिमान कर लेता है

evam eṣa mahānātmā sargapralayakovidaḥ | vikurvāṇaḥ prakṛtimān abhimanyaty abuddhimān ||

วสิษฐะกล่าวว่า—ดังนี้ อาตมันอันยิ่งใหญ่ ผู้รู้หลักแห่งการเกิดและการดับ แม้โดยตนจะไม่แปรเปลี่ยน ก็ยังปรากฏราวกับแปรเปลี่ยนเพราะข้องเกี่ยวกับปรกฤติ และแม้แท้จริงพ้นจากปัญญาเชิงวัตถุ (ปรากฤตะ) ก็ยังไปยึดถือ ‘เรา’ ต่อกาย—เข้าใจสิ่งที่ไม่ใช่อาตมันว่าเป็นอาตมัน

एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
एषःthis
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महानात्माgreat-souled one
महानात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहानात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्गप्रलयकोविदःknower of creation and dissolution
सर्गप्रलयकोविदः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्गप्रलयकोविद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विकुर्वाणःmodifying/transforming (acting as if changing)
विकुर्वाणः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि + कृ (विकुर्वाण)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Shatr (present active participle)
प्रकृतिमान्possessed of/associated with prakṛti
प्रकृतिमान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रकृतिमत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभिमन्यतिthinks/imagines (identifies with)
अभिमन्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि + मन्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अबुद्धिमान्unintelligent; lacking right understanding
अबुद्धिमान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअबुद्धिमत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha
Ā
Ātman (Self)
P
Prakṛti
Ś
śarīra (body)

Educational Q&A

Even the pure Self, which is intrinsically unchanging and beyond material intellect, can seem to become a doer and experiencer when associated with Prakṛti; this apparent change culminates in dehābhimāna—identifying the Self with the body. The ethical implication is to cultivate discernment (viveka) and detachment, refusing to ground ‘I’ and ‘mine’ in bodily and material conditions.

In Śānti Parva’s mokṣa-oriented instruction, Vasiṣṭha explains a philosophical mechanism of bondage: how the great Self, though knowledgeable of cosmic processes (creation and dissolution), appears to be modified and falls into body-identification due to contact with Prakṛti. This frames the broader teaching on how ignorance arises and how liberation is pursued through right understanding.