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Shloka 47

Saṃhāra-krama (The Sequence of Cosmic Dissolution) — Yājñavalkya’s Discourse

काम जित्वा तथा क्रोधं शीतोष्णे वर्षमेव च । भयं शोकं तथा श्वासं पौरुषान्‌ विषयांस्तथा

kāmaṃ jitvā tathā krodhaṃ śītoṣṇe varṣam eva ca | bhayaṃ śokaṃ tathā śvāsaṃ pauruṣān viṣayāṃs tathā

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “เมื่อพิชิตกามและโทสะแล้ว อดทนต่อความหนาว ความร้อน แม้กระทั่งสายฝน จงครอบงำความกลัวและความโศก ควบคุมลมหายใจ และสำรวมแรงผลักแห่งความเป็นชายกับแรงดึงดูดของอารมณ์ทางประสาทสัมผัส”

कामम्desire
कामम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जित्वाhaving conquered
जित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootजि
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
तथाalso/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
क्रोधम्anger
क्रोधम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शीतोष्णेcold and heat
शीतोष्णे:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशीत + उष्ण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Dual
वर्षम्rain/monsoon
वर्षम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भयम्fear
भयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शोकम्grief
शोकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशोक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तथाalso/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
श्वासम्breath/breathing (distress)
श्वासम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्वास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पौरुषान्manly (impulses/qualities); acts of prowess
पौरुषान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपौरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विषयान्sense-objects; worldly objects
विषयान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविषय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तथाalso/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches inner conquest: overcoming desire and anger, remaining steady amid bodily hardships (cold, heat, rain), mastering fear and grief, and regulating breath and sensory attraction. Such restraint is presented as a foundation for dharma and ethical clarity.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma after the war. Here he lists disciplines of self-mastery—control of passions, endurance of opposites, and regulation of breath and senses—as part of the broader teaching on righteous living and inner governance.