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Shloka 30

अध्याय २९७ — श्रेयः, धृति, दान-नियमाः

Welfare, Steadfastness, and Norms of Giving

अधीत्य वेदं तपसा ब्रह्मचारी यज्ञान्‌ शक्‍्त्या संनिगृहोह पड्च । वन॑ गच्छेत्‌ पुरुषो धर्मकाम: श्रेय: स्थित्वा स्थापयित्वा स्ववंशम्‌,द्विजको पहले ब्रह्मचर्य-आश्रममें रहकर तपस्या-पूर्वक वेदोंका अध्ययन करना चाहिये; फिर गृहस्थाश्रममें प्रवेश करके अपनी शक्तिके अनुसार इन्द्रियसंयमपूर्वक पंच महायज्ञोंका अनुष्ठान करना चाहिये। तत्पश्चात्‌ अपने पुत्रको घर-बारकी रक्षामें नियुक्त करके कल्याणमार्ममें स्थित हो केवल धर्मपालनकी इच्छा रखकर उसे वनको प्रस्थान करना चाहिये

adhītya vedaṁ tapasā brahmacārī yajñān śaktyā saṁnigṛhya ca pañca | vanaṁ gacchet puruṣo dharmakāmaḥ śreyaḥ sthitvā sthāpayitvā svavaṁśam ||

ปราศรสอนแนวทางชีวิตของผู้เกิดสองครั้งว่า—ประการแรก เมื่ออยู่ในพรหมจรรย์พึงศึกษาพระเวทด้วยตบะและวินัย ครั้นเข้าสู่คฤหัสถ์พึงสำรวมอินทรีย์ตามกำลัง และประกอบปัญจมหายัญเป็นนิตย์ ต่อจากนั้น เมื่อสถาปนาวงศ์สกุลของตนแล้ว มอบการคุ้มครองเรือนให้บุตร และตั้งมั่นในสิ่งอันประเสริฐแท้ พึงออกสู่ป่าเพื่อมุ่งปฏิบัติธรรมเท่านั้น

अधीत्यhaving studied
अधीत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-इ (अधी)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
वेदम्the Veda
वेदम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवेद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तपसाby austerity
तपसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
ब्रह्मचारीa brahmacārin (celibate student)
ब्रह्मचारी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मचारिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यज्ञान्sacrifices/rites
यज्ञान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
शक्त्याaccording to (one's) ability
शक्त्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशक्ति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
संनिगृह्यhaving restrained (controlled)
संनिगृह्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-नि-ग्रह्
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वनम्to the forest
वनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
गच्छेत्should go
गच्छेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
Formविधिलिङ्, optative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पुरुषःa man
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मकामःdesirous of dharma
धर्मकामः:
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मकाम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्रेयःthe good (highest welfare)
श्रेयः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेयस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
स्थित्वाhaving remained/abided
स्थित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
स्थापयित्वाhaving established/installed
स्थापयित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (णिच्) स्थापय
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
स्ववंशम्one's own lineage
स्ववंशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्ववंश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

पराशर उवाच

P
Parāśara
V
Veda
B
brahmacarya (student stage)
G
gṛhastha (householder stage)
P
pañca-mahāyajña (five great sacrifices)
V
vana (forest)
P
putra (son)
S
svavaṁśa (lineage)

Educational Q&A

The verse outlines āśrama-dharma as a progressive ethical discipline: learn the Veda with austerity in brahmacarya, fulfill social and sacred obligations in gṛhastha through self-control and the five great sacrifices, then—after securing family continuity—withdraw to the forest to pursue śreyas (higher welfare) with a single-minded commitment to dharma.

Parāśara is instructing about the proper life-course for a dvija: education and discipline first, responsible household life next, and finally a deliberate transition toward renunciation (vānaprastha) after handing over duties to the next generation.