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Shloka 25

अध्याय २९७ — श्रेयः, धृति, दान-नियमाः

Welfare, Steadfastness, and Norms of Giving

विषमुद्बन्धनं दाहो दस्युहस्तात्‌ तथा वध: । देष्टिभ्यश्न पशुभ्यश्ष प्राकृतो वध उच्यते,किंतु विष खा लेनेसे, गलेमें फाँसी लगानेसे, आगमें जलनेसे, लुटेरोंके हाथसे तथा दाढ़वाले पशुओंके आघातसे जो वध होता है, वह अधम श्रेणीका माना जाता है

viṣam udbandhanaṁ dāho dasyu-hastāt tathā vadhaḥ | dṛṣṭibhyasna-paśubhyas ca prākṛto vadha ucyate ||

ปราศรกล่าวว่า “ความตายที่มาจากการกินยาพิษ จากการผูกคอตาย จากการถูกไฟเผา จากการถูกโจรฆ่า และจากการถูกสัตว์ร้ายผู้มีเขี้ยวทำร้ายจนตาย—ย่อมเรียกว่า ‘ปรากฤตะ’ คือความตายสามัญอันต่ำ มิใช่จุดจบอันสง่างาม”

विषम्poison
विषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविष
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
उद्बन्धनम्hanging (strangulation)
उद्बन्धनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउद्बन्धन
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
दाहःburning
दाहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदाह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दस्युहस्तात्from the hand of a robber
दस्युहस्तात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदस्युहस्त
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
तथाand also; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
वधःkilling; death
वधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दंष्ट्रिभ्यःfrom tusked (beasts)
दंष्ट्रिभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदंष्ट्रिन्
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
पशुभ्यःfrom animals
पशुभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootपशु
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्राकृतःbase; low; common
प्राकृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राकृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वधःkilling; death
वधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis said; is called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive

पराशर उवाच

पराशर (Parāśara)
दस्यु (robbers/bandits)
पशु (beasts/animals)
विष (poison)
अग्नि/दाह (fire/burning)
उद्बन्धन (noose/hanging)

Educational Q&A

The verse classifies certain modes of dying—poison, hanging, burning, being killed by robbers, or by beasts—as ‘prākṛta’ (ordinary/base), implying an ethical valuation of ends: some deaths are regarded as ignoble compared to deaths aligned with dharma and self-mastery.

Parāśara is instructing about types of death (vadhāḥ) and their moral/qualitative status, listing specific violent or self-destructive ends and labeling them as a lower category.