Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 4

Vidyā–Avidyā and the Twenty-Fifth Principle

Sāṃkhya–Yoga Clarification

एवं तस्य प्रवृत्तस्य नित्यमेवानुपश्यत: । रागद्वेषौ विवर्धेते हानित्यत्वमपश्यत:,इस प्रकार प्रवृत्तिमार्गमें रहकर वह नित्य ही उन वस्तुओंको देखता है, किंतु उनकी अनित्यताकी ओर उसकी दृष्टि नहीं जाती; इसलिये उसके मनमें इनके प्रति राग और द्वेष बढ़ने लगते हैं

evaṁ tasya pravṛttasya nityam evānupaśyataḥ | rāga-dveṣau vivardhete hānityatvam apaśyataḥ ||

เมื่อเขาดำรงอยู่ในทางแห่งความเคลื่อนไหวภายนอก คอยเพ่งมองอารมณ์ทั้งหลายอยู่เนืองนิตย์ แต่ไม่เห็นความไม่เที่ยงของสิ่งเหล่านั้น ราคะและโทสะย่อมเจริญงอกงามในใจ ความมองข้ามความแปรปรวนชั่วคราวนี่เองที่ผูกจิตไว้ด้วยความชอบและความชัง

एवम्thus, in this manner
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
तस्यof him/that
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
प्रवृत्तस्यof one engaged/active (in worldly activity)
प्रवृत्तस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रवृत्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
नित्यम्always, constantly
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अनुपश्यतःhe keeps observing/looking at
अनुपश्यतः:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + √पश् (पश्यति)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
रागattachment, passion
राग:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्वेषौaversion/hatred (two: attachment and aversion as a pair)
द्वेषौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्वेष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
विवर्धेतेgrow, increase
विवर्धेते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + √वृध् (वर्धते)
FormPresent, Third, Dual, Atmanepada
हानित्यत्वम्impermanence
हानित्यत्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनित्यत्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अपश्यत्did not see
अपश्यत्:
TypeVerb
Root√पश् (पश्यति)
FormImperfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

पराशर उवाच

पराशर (Parāśara)

Educational Q&A

Continual fixation on objects without insight into their impermanence strengthens rāga (attachment) and dveṣa (aversion). Ethical and spiritual clarity arises from seeing transience; otherwise the mind becomes reactive, driven by likes and dislikes.

Parāśara is explaining a psychological-spiritual mechanism: a person who stays in pravṛtti (worldly engagement) keeps observing desirable and undesirable objects, but because he does not perceive their anityatva (impermanence), his inner tendencies of attachment and aversion increase.