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Shloka 29

Haṃsa–Sādhya Saṃvāda: Satya, Dama, Kṣamā and the Discipline of Speech

सम्भवं च विनाशं च भूतानां चेष्टितं तथा । यस्तत्त्वतो विजानाति लोके5स्मिन्‌ मुक्त एव सः

sambhavaṃ ca vināśaṃ ca bhūtānāṃ ceṣṭitaṃ tathā | yas tattvato vijānāti loke 'smin mukta eva saḥ ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า—ผู้ใดรู้โดยแท้ถึงการเกิดขึ้นและความดับไปของสรรพสัตว์ และรู้ถึงความเคลื่อนไหวกับความประพฤติของเขาในโลกนี้ตามความจริง—ผู้นั้นย่อมหลุดพ้นอยู่แล้วในที่นี้เอง คำสอนชี้ว่าเสรีภาพเกิดจากญาณทัศนะอันแจ่มชัดต่อสภาวะ มิใช่เพียงพิธีกรรมหรือฐานะ

सम्भवम्origin, coming-into-being
सम्भवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसम्भव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विनाशम्destruction
विनाशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविनाश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भूतानाम्of beings
भूतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
चेष्टितम्activity, conduct, behavior
चेष्टितम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचेष्टित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise, also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्त्वतःin truth, as it really is
तत्त्वतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्त्वतस्
विजानातिknows, understands
विजानाति:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-ज्ञा
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मुक्तःliberated, freed
मुक्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमुक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed, certainly
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
beings (bhūtāni)

Educational Q&A

Liberation is attributed to clear, reality-based understanding: one who knows the true nature of beings—their arising, dissolution, and patterns of action—attains freedom here and now. The verse emphasizes insight (tattvataḥ-jñāna) as the decisive factor in moksha.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues advising Yudhishthira on dharma and the highest good. Here he frames a contemplative teaching: discerning the life-cycle and conduct of beings leads to inner release, aligning ethical life with wisdom about impermanence and causality.