Shloka 22

यदा मृतं च स्वजन न ज्ञास्यसि कदाचन । सुखितं दुःखितं वापि ननु बोद्धव्यमात्मना,“अथवा जब कोई स्वजन मरकर इस लोकसे चला जायगा, तब उसके विषयमें यह कभी नहीं जान सकोगे कि वह सुखी है या दुखी, अतः इस विषयमें तुम्हें स्वयं ही विचार करना चाहिये”

yadā mṛtaṃ ca svajanaṃ na jñāsyasi kadācana | sukhitaṃ duḥkhitaṃ vāpi nanu boddhavyam ātmanā ||

เมื่อญาติคนหนึ่งตายและจากโลกนี้ไปแล้ว ท่านย่อมไม่อาจรู้ได้จริงว่าเขาสุขหรือทุกข์ ฉะนั้นพึงใคร่ครวญเรื่องนี้ด้วยตนเอง

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
मृतम्dead (one), deceased
मृतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्वजनम्one's own kinsman/relative
स्वजनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वजन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ज्ञास्यसिyou will know
ज्ञास्यसि:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
कदाचनever, at any time
कदाचन:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचन
सुखितम्happy, at ease
सुखितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसुखित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दुःखितम्unhappy, suffering
दुःखितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःखित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
ननुindeed, surely (emphatic)
ननु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootननु
बोद्धव्यम्is to be understood/considered
बोद्धव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootबुध्
FormGerundive (tavya), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
आत्मनाby oneself
आत्मना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
S
svajana (kinsman/relative)

Educational Q&A

Since the post-death state of a departed relative cannot be known with certainty, one should not let speculative beliefs govern one’s conduct; instead, one must use one’s own discernment and inner reflection to act rightly.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction, Bhishma counsels the listener on how to think about death and bereavement, emphasizing the limits of knowledge about the dead and urging personal contemplation as the basis for ethical steadiness.