Shloka 9

Adhyāya 283: Varṇa-vṛtti, Nyāya-ārjana, and the Decline-and-Restoration of Dharma (वर्णवृत्तिः न्यायार्जनं च)

Devanagari script

ऋषय: पितरश्वैव आगता ब्रह्मणा सह । ऊष्मपा (सूर्यकी किरणोंका पान करनेवाले), सोमपा (सोमरस पीनेवाले), धूमपा (यज्ञमें धूम-पान करनेवाले) और आज्यपा (घृत-पान करनेवाले) पितर और ऋषि भी ब्रह्माजीके साथ उस यज्ञमें पधारे थे ।।

Transliteration

ṛṣayaḥ pitaraś caiva āgatā brahmaṇā saha | ūṣmapāḥ somapā dhūmapā ājyapāś ca pitara ṛṣayaś ca brahmaṇā saha tasmin yajñe samāgatāḥ || ete cānye ca bahavo bhūtagrāmāś caturvidhāḥ |

Translation

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า—เหล่าฤๅษีและปิตฤทั้งหลายก็มาพร้อมกับพระพรหม เหล่าปิตฤและฤๅษีที่เรียกว่า อุษมปา โสมปา ธูมปา และอาชยปา ได้มาถึงยัญพิธีนั้นพร้อมพระพรหม และนอกจากพวกนี้แล้ว ยังมีหมู่สรรพสัตว์อื่น ๆ อีกมากมาย อันแบ่งเป็นสี่จำพวก มาชุมนุมอยู่ ณ ที่นั้นด้วย

Word by Word

• ऋषयः: sages
• ऋषयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋषि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पितरः: manes/ancestors
• पितरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• आगताः: having come/arrived
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-गम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)

• ब्रह्मणा: with Brahmā
• ब्रह्मणा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• सह: together with
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह

• एते: these
• एते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अन्ये: others
• अन्ये: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• बहवः: many
• बहवः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• भूतग्रामाः: multitudes of beings
• भूतग्रामाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूतग्राम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• चतुर्विधाः: of four kinds
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर्विध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Brahmā
• Ṛṣis
• Pitṛs (Fathers/ancestors)
• Yajña (sacrifice)
• Ūṣmapāḥ
• Somapāḥ
• Dhūmapāḥ
• Ājyapāḥ
• Bhūtagrāmāḥ (multitudes of beings)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the dharmic vision that sacrifice (yajña) is not merely a human act but a cosmic institution: sages and ancestral beings participate, showing continuity between generations and reinforcing the ethical duty of honoring ṛṣis, gods, and Pitṛs through rightful ritual.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana describes a grand sacrificial gathering where Brahmā arrives accompanied by Ṛṣis and various classes of Pitṛs (ūṣmapā, somapā, dhūmapā, ājyapā). He adds that many other beings, described as fourfold in kind, are also assembled at the yajña.