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Shloka 10

Aśmagīta: Janaka’s Inquiry on Loss, Kāla, and the Limits of Control (अश्मगीता)

ये च विंशतिवर्षा वा त्रिंशद्वर्षाश्न मानवा: । परेण ते वर्षशतान्न भविष्यन्ति पार्थिव,राजन! जो बीस या तीस वर्षकी उम्रवाले मनुष्य चोरी आदि कुकर्मोमें लग जाते हैं, वे सौ वर्षतक जीवित नहीं रह पाते

ye ca viṁśativarṣā vā triṁśadvarṣāś ca mānavāḥ | pareṇa te varṣaśatān na bhaviṣyanti pārthiva-rājan ||

ข้าแต่พระราชา บุรุษผู้มีอายุยี่สิบหรือสามสิบปีแล้วหันไปสู่การลักขโมยและกรรมชั่วอื่น ๆ ย่อมมิอาจมีชีวิตยืนยาวจนครบหนึ่งร้อยปี

येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विंशति-वर्षाःtwenty-year-old
विंशति-वर्षाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविंशति-वर्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
त्रिंशद्-वर्षाःthirty-year-old
त्रिंशद्-वर्षाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रिंशद्-वर्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मानवाःmen, humans
मानवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमानव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परेणbeyond, after (by/with what is beyond)
परेण:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वर्ष-शतात्from (beyond) a hundred years
वर्ष-शतात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष-शत
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भविष्यन्तिwill be, will exist
भविष्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
पार्थिव-राजन्O king, earthly ruler
पार्थिव-राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव-राजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

जनक उवाच

J
Janaka
K
king (addressed as pārthiva/rājan)
M
mānavāḥ (men)

Educational Q&A

Early indulgence in adharma—such as theft—destroys one’s well-being and is portrayed as leading to a shortened life; ethical restraint is presented as protective and life-sustaining.

King Janaka addresses a ruler, offering moral counsel: he warns that young men who engage in criminal and unrighteous conduct do not attain a full lifespan, underscoring the king’s duty to uphold dharma.