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Shloka 17

Viṣṇor Māhātmya and Indriya-saṃyama (विष्णोर्माहात्म्यं तथा इन्द्रियसंयमः)

सतु धर्मो मृगो भूत्वा बहुवर्षोषितो वने । तस्य निष्कृतिमाधत्त न त्वसौ यज्ञसंविधि:,वास्तवमें उस मृगके रूपमें साक्षात्‌ धर्म थे, जो मृगका शरीर धारण करके बहुत वर्षोंसे वनमें निवास करते थे। पशुहिंसा यज्ञकी विधिके प्रतिकूल कर्म है। भगवान्‌ धर्मने उस ब्राह्मणका उद्धार करनेका विचार किया

sa tu dharmo mṛgo bhūtvā bahuvarṣoṣito vane | tasya niṣkṛtim ādatta na tv asau yajñasaṃvidhiḥ ||

แท้จริงแล้วผู้ที่อยู่ในร่างกวางนั้นคือธรรมะเอง ผู้ทรงสวมกายกวางและพำนักในป่ามาหลายปี การเบียดเบียนสัตว์มิใช่ข้อบัญญัติอันถูกต้องแห่งพิธียัญ ดังนั้นพระธรรมะจึงจัดวางหนทางแห่งการชดใช้และการเกื้อกูลเพื่อกอบกู้ผู้นั้น

सःhe/that (one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
धर्मःDharma (the deity)/righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मृगःa deer
मृगः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूत्वाhaving become
भूत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormAbsolutive (त्वा), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
बहुवर्षोषितःhaving dwelt for many years
बहुवर्षोषितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुवर्ष-उषित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past participle (क्त), वस् (उष्/वस्) 'to dwell'
वनेin the forest
वने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तस्यof him/of that
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
निष्कृतिम्expiation/means of release
निष्कृतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिष्कृति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आधत्तhe devised/undertook/arranged
आधत्त:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-धा
FormImperfect (लङ्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
असौthat (person there)/he
असौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअसद्/असौ (दर्शक सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यज्ञसंविधिःthe procedure/rule of sacrifice
यज्ञसंविधिः:
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ-संविधि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

नारद उवाच

N
Nārada
D
Dharma (personified)
M
mṛga (deer)
V
vana (forest)
Y
yajña (sacrifice)

Educational Q&A

True dharma is not merely ritual performance; an act that involves wrongful violence cannot be justified as proper sacrifice. When conduct conflicts with the genuine ordinance of yajña, righteousness requires correction and expiation.

Nārada reveals that the deer living long in the forest was actually Dharma in disguise. Dharma takes up the task of arranging expiation/relief for a person involved in an act deemed contrary to correct sacrificial procedure, highlighting the moral limits of ritualized violence.